Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 4/2007

01-08-2007

Influence of Rifampin on Capsule Formation Around Silicone Implants in a Rat Model

Authors: Ramazan Erkin Unlu, M.D., Asu Deniz Yilmaz, M.D., Hakan Orbay, M.D., Belgin Can, M.D., Ibrahim Tekdemir, Ph.D., Omer Sensoz, M.D.

Published in: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | Issue 4/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of rifampin on the thickness of capsules around silicone implants by bactericidal activity against Stapylococcus epidermidis. Silicone blocks (1 × 1 cm) were placed into pockets created for each of the 40 rats included in the study. In group 1, the operation was performed under aseptic conditions. In group 2, standard S. epidermidis was inoculated into the pocket, whereas rifampin and S. epidermidis were applied in group 3. In group 4, only rifampin was applied topically on implants. After 12 weeks, the peri-implant capsules were removed and examined under a photomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. The mean thickness of the capsules was 63.307 μm in group 1, 111.538 μm in group 2, 43.076 μm in group 3, and 30.384 μm in group 4. The differences between groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Rifampin appears to be an agent for preventing peri-implant capsule formation.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ajmal N, Riordan C-L, Cardwell N, Nanney L-B, Shack R-B: The effectiveness of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) in reducing capsular formation around implants in a rabbit model. Plast Reconstr Surg 112:1455–1461, 2003PubMedCrossRef Ajmal N, Riordan C-L, Cardwell N, Nanney L-B, Shack R-B: The effectiveness of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) in reducing capsular formation around implants in a rabbit model. Plast Reconstr Surg 112:1455–1461, 2003PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Asplund O, Gylbert L, Jurell G, Ward C: Textured or smooth implants for submuscular breast augmentation: A controlled study. Plast Reconstr Surg 97:1200–1206, 1996PubMedCrossRef Asplund O, Gylbert L, Jurell G, Ward C: Textured or smooth implants for submuscular breast augmentation: A controlled study. Plast Reconstr Surg 97:1200–1206, 1996PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Baker J-L Jr, Bartels R-J, Douglas W-M: Closed compression technique for rupturing a contracted capsule around a breast implant. Plast Reconstr Surg 58:137–141, 1976PubMedCrossRef Baker J-L Jr, Bartels R-J, Douglas W-M: Closed compression technique for rupturing a contracted capsule around a breast implant. Plast Reconstr Surg 58:137–141, 1976PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Barker D-E, Retsky M-I, Schutz S: Bleeding of silicone from baggel breast implants and its clinical relation to fibrous capsule reaction. Plast Reconstr Surg 61:836–840, 1978PubMedCrossRef Barker D-E, Retsky M-I, Schutz S: Bleeding of silicone from baggel breast implants and its clinical relation to fibrous capsule reaction. Plast Reconstr Surg 61:836–840, 1978PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Bronz G: How reliable are textured implants used in breast surgery? A review of 510 implants. Aesth Plast Surg 23:424–427, 1999CrossRef Bronz G: How reliable are textured implants used in breast surgery? A review of 510 implants. Aesth Plast Surg 23:424–427, 1999CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Burkhardt B-R, Dempsey P-D, Schnur P-L, Tofield J-J: Capsular contracture: A prospective study of the effect of local antibacterial agents. Plast Reconstr Surg 77:919–932, 1986PubMedCrossRef Burkhardt B-R, Dempsey P-D, Schnur P-L, Tofield J-J: Capsular contracture: A prospective study of the effect of local antibacterial agents. Plast Reconstr Surg 77:919–932, 1986PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Burkhardt B-R, Fried M, Schnur P-L, Tofield J-J: Capsules, infection, and intraluminal antibiotics. Plast Reconstr Surg 68:43–49, 1981PubMedCrossRef Burkhardt B-R, Fried M, Schnur P-L, Tofield J-J: Capsules, infection, and intraluminal antibiotics. Plast Reconstr Surg 68:43–49, 1981PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Cachay-Velasquez H, Ale A-A: Lateral approach to mammary implants. Ann Plast Surg 25:258–262, 1990PubMedCrossRef Cachay-Velasquez H, Ale A-A: Lateral approach to mammary implants. Ann Plast Surg 25:258–262, 1990PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Caffee H: Intracapsular injection of triamcinolone for intractable capsule contracture. Plast Reconstr Surg 94:824–828, 1994PubMedCrossRef Caffee H: Intracapsular injection of triamcinolone for intractable capsule contracture. Plast Reconstr Surg 94:824–828, 1994PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Chang L, Caldwell E, Reading G: A comparison of conventional and low-bleed implants in augmentation mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:79–82, 1992PubMed Chang L, Caldwell E, Reading G: A comparison of conventional and low-bleed implants in augmentation mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:79–82, 1992PubMed
11.
go back to reference Coleman D-J, Foo I-T, Sharpe D-T: Textured or smooth implants for breast augmentation? A prospective controlled trial. Br J Plast Surg 44:444–448, 1991PubMedCrossRef Coleman D-J, Foo I-T, Sharpe D-T: Textured or smooth implants for breast augmentation? A prospective controlled trial. Br J Plast Surg 44:444–448, 1991PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Deva A-K, Chang L-C: Bacterial biofilms: A cause for accelerated capsular contracture? Aesth Surg J 19:130–136, 1999CrossRef Deva A-K, Chang L-C: Bacterial biofilms: A cause for accelerated capsular contracture? Aesth Surg J 19:130–136, 1999CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Dobke M-K, Svahn J-K, Vastine V-L, Landon B-N, Stein P-C, Parsons C-L: Characterization of microbial presence at the surface of silicone mammary implants. Ann Plast Surg 34:563–569, 1995PubMedCrossRef Dobke M-K, Svahn J-K, Vastine V-L, Landon B-N, Stein P-C, Parsons C-L: Characterization of microbial presence at the surface of silicone mammary implants. Ann Plast Surg 34:563–569, 1995PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Domanskis E-J, Owsley J-Q Jr: Histological investigation of the etiology of capsule contracture following augmentation mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 58:689–693, 1976PubMed Domanskis E-J, Owsley J-Q Jr: Histological investigation of the etiology of capsule contracture following augmentation mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 58:689–693, 1976PubMed
15.
go back to reference Ersek R-A: Rate and incidence of capsular contracture: A comparison of smooth and textured silicone double lumen breast prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:879–884, 1991PubMedCrossRef Ersek R-A: Rate and incidence of capsular contracture: A comparison of smooth and textured silicone double lumen breast prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:879–884, 1991PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Freedman A-M, Jackson I-T: Infections in breast implants. Infect Dis Clin North Am 3:275–287, 1989PubMed Freedman A-M, Jackson I-T: Infections in breast implants. Infect Dis Clin North Am 3:275–287, 1989PubMed
17.
go back to reference Friemann J, Bauer M, Golz B, Rombeck N, Hohr D, Erbs G, Steinau H-U, Olbrisch R-R: Physiologic and pathologic patterns of reaction to silicone breast implants. Zentralbl Chir 122:551–564, 1997PubMed Friemann J, Bauer M, Golz B, Rombeck N, Hohr D, Erbs G, Steinau H-U, Olbrisch R-R: Physiologic and pathologic patterns of reaction to silicone breast implants. Zentralbl Chir 122:551–564, 1997PubMed
18.
go back to reference Gabriel S-E, Woods J-E, O’Fallon W-M, Beard C-M, Kurland L-T, Melton L-J III: Complications leading to surgery after breast implantation. N Engl J Med 336:677–682, 1997PubMedCrossRef Gabriel S-E, Woods J-E, O’Fallon W-M, Beard C-M, Kurland L-T, Melton L-J III: Complications leading to surgery after breast implantation. N Engl J Med 336:677–682, 1997PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hakelius L, Ohlsen L: Tendency to capsular contracture around smooth and textured gel-filled silicone mammary implants: A 5-year follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg 100:1566–1569, 1997PubMedCrossRef Hakelius L, Ohlsen L: Tendency to capsular contracture around smooth and textured gel-filled silicone mammary implants: A 5-year follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg 100:1566–1569, 1997PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Handel N, Jensen J-A, Black Q, Waisman J-R, Silverstein M-J: The fate of breast implants: A critical analysis of complications and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 96:1521–1533, 1995PubMedCrossRef Handel N, Jensen J-A, Black Q, Waisman J-R, Silverstein M-J: The fate of breast implants: A critical analysis of complications and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 96:1521–1533, 1995PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Hester T-R Jr, Nahai F, Bostwick J, Cukic J: A 5-year experience with polyurethane-covered mammary prostheses for treatment of capsular contracture, primary augmentation mammaplasty, and breast reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 15:569–585, 1988PubMed Hester T-R Jr, Nahai F, Bostwick J, Cukic J: A 5-year experience with polyurethane-covered mammary prostheses for treatment of capsular contracture, primary augmentation mammaplasty, and breast reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 15:569–585, 1988PubMed
22.
go back to reference Jennings D-A, Morykwas M-J, DeFranzo A-J, et al.: Analysis of silicone in human breast and capsular tissue surrounding prostheses and expanders. Ann Plast Surg 27:553–558, 1991PubMedCrossRef Jennings D-A, Morykwas M-J, DeFranzo A-J, et al.: Analysis of silicone in human breast and capsular tissue surrounding prostheses and expanders. Ann Plast Surg 27:553–558, 1991PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kossovsky N, Freiman C-J: Silicone breast implant pathology: Clinical data and immunologic consequences. Arch Pathol Lab Med 118:686–693, 1994PubMed Kossovsky N, Freiman C-J: Silicone breast implant pathology: Clinical data and immunologic consequences. Arch Pathol Lab Med 118:686–693, 1994PubMed
24.
go back to reference Lavine D-M: Saline inflatable prosthesis: 14 years’ experience. Aesth Plast Surg 17:325–330, 1993CrossRef Lavine D-M: Saline inflatable prosthesis: 14 years’ experience. Aesth Plast Surg 17:325–330, 1993CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lemperle G, Exner K: Effects of cortisone in double-lumen breast implants: 10-year experience. Aesth Plast Surg 17:317–323, 1993CrossRef Lemperle G, Exner K: Effects of cortisone in double-lumen breast implants: 10-year experience. Aesth Plast Surg 17:317–323, 1993CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Oneal R-M, Argenta L-C: Late side effects related to inflatable breast implants containing soluble steroids. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:641–645, 1982PubMedCrossRef Oneal R-M, Argenta L-C: Late side effects related to inflatable breast implants containing soluble steroids. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:641–645, 1982PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Parsons C-L, Stein P-C, Dobke M-K, Virden C-P, Frank D-H: Diagnosis and therapy of subclinically infected implants. Surg Gynecol Obstet 177:504–506, 1993PubMed Parsons C-L, Stein P-C, Dobke M-K, Virden C-P, Frank D-H: Diagnosis and therapy of subclinically infected implants. Surg Gynecol Obstet 177:504–506, 1993PubMed
28.
go back to reference Pfleiderer B, Garrido L: Migration and accumulation of silicone in the liver of women with silicone gel-filled breast implants. Magn Reson Med 33:8–17, 1995PubMedCrossRef Pfleiderer B, Garrido L: Migration and accumulation of silicone in the liver of women with silicone gel-filled breast implants. Magn Reson Med 33:8–17, 1995PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Puckett C-L, Croll G-H, Reichel C-A, Concannon M-J: A critical look at capsular contracture in subglandular versus subpectoral mammary augmentation. Aesth Plast Surg 11:23–28, 1987CrossRef Puckett C-L, Croll G-H, Reichel C-A, Concannon M-J: A critical look at capsular contracture in subglandular versus subpectoral mammary augmentation. Aesth Plast Surg 11:23–28, 1987CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Rees T-D, Ballantyne D-L Jr, Seidman I, Hawthorne G-A: Visceral response to subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections of silicone in mice. Plast Reconstr Surg 39:402–410, 1967PubMedCrossRef Rees T-D, Ballantyne D-L Jr, Seidman I, Hawthorne G-A: Visceral response to subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections of silicone in mice. Plast Reconstr Surg 39:402–410, 1967PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Reid G, Bailey R-R: Biofilm infections: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. N Z Med J 109:41–42, 1996PubMed Reid G, Bailey R-R: Biofilm infections: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. N Z Med J 109:41–42, 1996PubMed
33.
go back to reference Roggendorf E: The biostability of silicone rubbers, a polyamide, and polyester. J Biomed Mater Res 10:123–143, 1976PubMedCrossRef Roggendorf E: The biostability of silicone rubbers, a polyamide, and polyester. J Biomed Mater Res 10:123–143, 1976PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Shah Z, Lehman J-A Jr, Stevenson G: Capsular contracture around silicone implants: The role of intraluminal antibiotics. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:809–814, 1982PubMedCrossRef Shah Z, Lehman J-A Jr, Stevenson G: Capsular contracture around silicone implants: The role of intraluminal antibiotics. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:809–814, 1982PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Shah Z, Lehman J-A Jr, Tan J: Does infection play a role in breast capsular contracture? Plast Reconstr Surg 68:34–42, 1981PubMedCrossRef Shah Z, Lehman J-A Jr, Tan J: Does infection play a role in breast capsular contracture? Plast Reconstr Surg 68:34–42, 1981PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Smahel J: Effect of expansion exercises on capsular contraction around silicone implants. Aesth Plast Surg 3:339–341, 1976 Smahel J: Effect of expansion exercises on capsular contraction around silicone implants. Aesth Plast Surg 3:339–341, 1976
37.
go back to reference Smahel J: Histology of capsule causing constrictive fibrosis around breast implants. Br J Plast Surg 30:324–329, 1977PubMedCrossRef Smahel J: Histology of capsule causing constrictive fibrosis around breast implants. Br J Plast Surg 30:324–329, 1977PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Smahel J: Fibrous reactions in the tissues which surround silicone breast prostheses. Br J Plast Surg 31:250–251, 1978PubMed Smahel J: Fibrous reactions in the tissues which surround silicone breast prostheses. Br J Plast Surg 31:250–251, 1978PubMed
39.
go back to reference Sung J-J: Bacterial biofilm and clogging of biliary stents. J Indust Microbiol 15:152–155, 1995CrossRef Sung J-J: Bacterial biofilm and clogging of biliary stents. J Indust Microbiol 15:152–155, 1995CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Tatum A-H, Shelburne J-D, Ingram P, et al.: Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of foreign bodies associated with silastic implants in humans. Contraception 28:543–564, 1983PubMedCrossRef Tatum A-H, Shelburne J-D, Ingram P, et al.: Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of foreign bodies associated with silastic implants in humans. Contraception 28:543–564, 1983PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Thuesen B, Siim E, Christensen L, Schroder M: Capsular contracture after breast reconstruction with the tissue expansion technique: A comparison of smooth and textured silicone breast prostheses. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 29:9–13, 1995PubMed Thuesen B, Siim E, Christensen L, Schroder M: Capsular contracture after breast reconstruction with the tissue expansion technique: A comparison of smooth and textured silicone breast prostheses. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 29:9–13, 1995PubMed
42.
go back to reference Virden C-P, Dobke M-K, Stein P, Parsons C-L, Frank D-H: Subclinical infection of silicone breast implant surface as a possible cause of capsular contracture. Aesth Plast Surg 16:173–178, 1992CrossRef Virden C-P, Dobke M-K, Stein P, Parsons C-L, Frank D-H: Subclinical infection of silicone breast implant surface as a possible cause of capsular contracture. Aesth Plast Surg 16:173–178, 1992CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Wagner H, Beller F-K, Pfautsch M: Electron and light microscopy examination of capsules around breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 60:49–55, 1977PubMedCrossRef Wagner H, Beller F-K, Pfautsch M: Electron and light microscopy examination of capsules around breast implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 60:49–55, 1977PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Wilflingsedar P, Propst A, Mikuz G: Constrictive fibrosis following silicon implants in mammary augmentation. Clin Plast Surg 2:215–222, 1974 Wilflingsedar P, Propst A, Mikuz G: Constrictive fibrosis following silicon implants in mammary augmentation. Clin Plast Surg 2:215–222, 1974
45.
go back to reference Wyatt L-E, Sinow J-D, Wollman J-S, et al.: The influence of time on human breast capsule histology: Smooth and textured silicone-surfaced implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:1922–1931, 1998PubMedCrossRef Wyatt L-E, Sinow J-D, Wollman J-S, et al.: The influence of time on human breast capsule histology: Smooth and textured silicone-surfaced implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:1922–1931, 1998PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Yeoh G, Russell P, Jenkins E: Spectrum of histological changes reactive to prosthetic breast implants: A clinopathological study of 84 patients. Pathology 28:232–235, 1996PubMedCrossRef Yeoh G, Russell P, Jenkins E: Spectrum of histological changes reactive to prosthetic breast implants: A clinopathological study of 84 patients. Pathology 28:232–235, 1996PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Influence of Rifampin on Capsule Formation Around Silicone Implants in a Rat Model
Authors
Ramazan Erkin Unlu, M.D.
Asu Deniz Yilmaz, M.D.
Hakan Orbay, M.D.
Belgin Can, M.D.
Ibrahim Tekdemir, Ph.D.
Omer Sensoz, M.D.
Publication date
01-08-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery / Issue 4/2007
Print ISSN: 0364-216X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5241
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-006-0248-8

Other articles of this Issue 4/2007

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 4/2007 Go to the issue