Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 3/2015

Open Access 01-03-2015 | Original paper

Influence of reproductive history and exogenous hormone use on prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in a population-based cross-sectional study

Authors: Kerstin Weitmann, Carsten Hirt, Sabine Schwarz, Charles Rabkin, Gottfried Dölken, Wolfgang Hoffmann

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 3/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

The t(14;18) translocation might represent an intermediate step in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL), one of the most common subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Circulating t(14;18)-positive cells can also be detected in 30–60 % of healthy individuals at low frequencies. Some studies found a negative association between reproductive factors or use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) with FL. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between number of frequencies, oral contraceptive (OC) use, menopausal status and MHT, and t(14;18) prevalence and frequency in a representative population analysis based on an epidemiologic study in the northeastern part of Germany.

Methods

The analysis is based on results of buffy coat samples from 1,981 women of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-0) and data obtained in standardized face-to-face interviews. For prevalence, odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Frequency data were analyzed using negative binomial regression. The multivariable models included age, number of pregnancies, menopausal status (premenopausal, natural, medical/surgical menopause), OC use and MHT as a measure for exogenous hormone exposure use.

Results

We found no association between reproductive history and combined exogenous hormone use on the prevalence of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells. Modeling MHT and OC use separately in a sensitivity analysis, the MHT parameter yielded statistical significance [OR 1.37 (95 % CI 1.04;1.81)]. t(14;18) frequency was associated with use of OC [incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ever use 3.18 (95 % CI 1.54;6.54)], current use [IRR 3.86 (1.56;9.54)], >10 years use [IRR 3.93 (1.67;9.23)] and MHT [restricted to postmenopausal women; IRR 2.63 (95 % CI 1.01;6.85)] in bivariate age-adjusted analyses. In the multivariable model, medical/surgical menopause [IRR 2.46 (1.11;5.44)] and the category ever use of OC and MHT were statistically significant [IRR 2.41 (1.09;5.33)].

Conclusions

Exogenous hormone use might be a risk factor for t(14;18) frequency rather than for t(14;18) prevalence. Further research on healthy individuals carrying a t(14;18) translocation and possible risk factors for malignant lymphoma is necessary to determine the additional molecular or immunological events that have to occur to develop FL.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Nelson RA, Levine AM, Bernstein L (2001) Reproductive factors and risk of intermediate- or high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in women. J Clin Oncol 19:1381–1387PubMed
2.
Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Adami HO et al (2007) The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Int J Cancer 120(Suppl 12):1–39CrossRefPubMed
3.
Hoover RN (1992) Lymphoma risks in populations with altered immunity—a search for mechanism. Cancer Res 52:5477s–5478sPubMed
4.
Preti HA, Cabanillas F, Talpaz M, Tucker SL, Seymour JF, Kurzrock R (1997) Prognostic value of serum interleukin-6 in diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 127:186–194
5.
6.
Xiong YH, Yuan Z, He L (2013) Effects of estrogen on CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cell in peripheral blood during pregnancy. Asian Pac J Trop Med 6:748–752CrossRefPubMed
7.
8.
Olsen NJ, Kovacs WJ (1996) Gonadal steroids and immunity. Endocr Rev 17:369–384PubMed
9.
Morton LM, Wang SS, Richesson DA, Schatzkin A, Hollenbeck AR, Lacey JV Jr (2009) Reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use and risk of lymphoid neoplasms among women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. Int J Cancer 124:2737–2743CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
10.
Harris NL, Swerdlow SH, Jaffe ES et al (2008) Follicular lymphoma. In: WHO (ed) WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon: WHO, pp 220–226
11.
Stein H, Warnke RA, Chan WC et al. (2008) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. In: WHO (ed.) WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon: WHO, pp 233–237
12.
Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD (1998) Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma classification project. Ann Oncol 9:717–720CrossRefPubMed
13.
Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS (2006) Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992–2001. Blood 107:265–276CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
14.
Smith A, Howell D, Patmore R, Jack A, Roman E (2011) Incidence of haematological malignancy by sub-type: a report from the Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Br J Cancer 105:1684–1692CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
15.
Bende RJ, Smit LA, van Noesel CJ (2007) Molecular pathways in follicular lymphoma. Leukemia 21:18–29CrossRefPubMed
16.
Horsman DE, Gascoyne RD, Coupland RW, Coldman AJ, Adomat SA (1995) Comparison of cytogenetic analysis, southern analysis, and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 103:472–478PubMed
17.
Chang CM, Wang SS, Dave BJ et al (2011) Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18) in a population-based case–control study. Int J Cancer 129:938–947CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
18.
Tsujimoto Y, Finger LR, Yunis J, Nowell PC, Croce CM (1984) Cloning of the chromosome breakpoint of neoplastic B cells with the t(14;18) chromosome translocation. Science 226:1097–1099CrossRefPubMed
19.
Marculescu R, Le T, Simon P, Jaeger U, Nadel B (2002) V(D)J-mediated translocations in lymphoid neoplasms: a functional assessment of genomic instability by cryptic sites. J Exp Med 195:85–98CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
20.
Heckman CA, Cao T, Somsouk L et al (2003) Critical elements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers for deregulated expression of bcl-2. Cancer Res 63:6666–6673PubMed
21.
22.
Galteland E, Sivertsen EA, Svendsrud DH et al (2005) Translocation t(14;18) and gain of chromosome 18/BCL2: effects on BCL2 expression and apoptosis in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Leukemia 19:2313–2323CrossRefPubMed
23.
Biagi JJ, Seymour JF (2002) Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma arising from analysis of geographic variation. Blood 99:4265–4275CrossRefPubMed
24.
Medina KL, Strasser A, Kincade PW (2000) Estrogen influences the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of early B-lineage precursors. Blood 95:2059–2067PubMed
25.
Limpens J, Stad R, Vos C et al (1995) Lymphoma-associated translocation t(14;18) in blood B cells of normal individuals. Blood 85:2528–2536PubMed
26.
Nambiar M, Raghavan SC (2009) Prevalence and analysis of t(14;18) and t(11;14) chromosomal translocations in healthy Indian population. Ann Hematol 89:35–43CrossRefPubMed
27.
Dölken G, Dölken L, Hirt C, Fusch C, Rabkin CS, Schüler F (2008) Age-dependent prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 39:44–47
28.
Janz S, Potter M, Rabkin CS (2003) Lymphoma- and leukemia-associated chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 36:211–223CrossRefPubMed
29.
Yasukawa M, Bando S, Dölken G et al (2001) Low frequency of BCL-2/J(H) translocation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy Japanese individuals. Blood 98:486–488
30.
Ji W, Qu GZ, Ye P, Zhang XY, Halabi S, Ehrlich M (1995) Frequent detection of bcl-2/JH translocations in human blood and organ samples by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Cancer Res 55:2876–2882PubMed
31.
Schmitt C, Balogh B, Grundt A et al (2006) The bcl-2/IgH rearrangement in a population of 204 healthy individuals: occurrence, age and gender distribution, breakpoints, and detection method validity. Leuk Res 30:745–750CrossRefPubMed
32.
Hirt C, Weitmann K, Schüler F et al (2013) Circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in healthy individuals: association with age and sex but not with smoking. Leuk Lymphoma 54:2678–2684
33.
Zhang Y, Holford TR, Leaderer B et al (2004) Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma among Connecticut women. Am J Epidemiol 160:766–773CrossRefPubMed
34.
35.
36.
Mildon KH, Ansell P, Roman E, Kane EV (2010) Reproductive factors, menopausal hormone therapy, and risk of non-Hodgkin, diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas: a UK case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 21:2079–2083CrossRefPubMed
37.
Kane EV, Bernstein L, Bracci PM et al (2013) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of InterLymph case–control studies. Ann Oncol 24:433–441CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
38.
Roulland S, Kelly RS, Morgado E et al (2014) t(14;18) Translocation: a predictive blood biomarker for follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 32:1347–1355
39.
John U, Greiner B, Hensel E et al (2001) Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): a health examination survey in an east German region: objectives and design. Soz - Präventivmed 46:186–194
40.
Dölken L, Schüler F, Dölken G (1998) Quantitative detection of t(14;18)-positive cells by real-time quantitative PCR using fluorogenic probes. Biotechniques 25:1058–1064PubMed
41.
Schüler F, Dölken L, Hirt C et al (2009) Prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-MBR translocation carrying cells in healthy individuals. Int J Cancer 124:958–963
42.
Kane EV, Roman E, Becker N et al (2012) Menstrual and reproductive factors, and hormonal contraception use: associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a pooled analysis of InterLymph case–control studies. Ann Oncol 23:2362–2374CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
43.
Cerhan JR, Habermann TM, Vachon CM et al (2002) Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Iowa women’s health study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13:131–136CrossRefPubMed
44.
Olsson H, Olsson ML, Ranstam J (1990) Late age at first full-term pregnancy as a risk factor for women with malignant lymphoma. Neoplasma 37:185–190PubMed
45.
Costas L, Casabonne D, Benavente Y et al (2012) Reproductive factors and lymphoid neoplasms in Europe: findings from the EpiLymph case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 23:195–206CrossRefPubMed
46.
Bernstein L, Ross RK (1992) Prior medication use and health history as risk factors for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: preliminary results from a case–control study in Los Angeles County. Cancer Res 52:5510s–5515sPubMed
47.
Lu Y, Wang SS, Sullivan-Halley J et al (2011) Oral contraceptives, menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study. Int J Cancer 129:974–982
48.
Cerhan JR, Vachon CM, Habermann TM et al (2002) Hormone replacement therapy and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1466–1471PubMed
49.
50.
Schwarz S, Völzke H, Alte D, Hoffmann W, John U, Dören M (2005) Gynaecological health care utilization and use of sex hormones-the study of Health in Pomerania. Hum Reprod 20:2916–2922CrossRefPubMed
51.
Stang A, Moebus S, Dragano N et al (2005) Baseline recruitment and analyses of nonresponse of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study: identifiability of phone numbers as the major determinant of response. Eur J Epidemiol 20:489–496CrossRefPubMed
52.
Bosetti C, Tavani A, Negri E, Trichopoulos D, La Vecchia C (2001) Reliability of data on medical conditions, menstrual and reproductive history provided by hospital controls. J Clin Epidemiol 54:902–906CrossRefPubMed
53.
Wiegratz I, Thaler C (2011) Hormonal contraception—What kind, when, and for whom? Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 108:495–505
54.
Johnson S, Pion C, Jennings V (2013) Current methods and attitudes of women towards contraception in Europe and America. Reprod Health 10:7CrossRef
55.
Phipps AI, Ichikawa L, Bowles EJ et al (2010) Defining menopausal status in epidemiologic studies: a comparison of multiple approaches and their effects on breast cancer rates. Maturitas 67:60–66CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
56.
Utian WH (2004) Menopause-related definitions, vol 1266. Elsevier, New York, pp 133–138
57.
Bouman A, Heineman MJ, Faas MM (2005) Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update 11:411–423CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Influence of reproductive history and exogenous hormone use on prevalence and frequency of circulating t(14;18)-positive cells in a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors
Kerstin Weitmann
Carsten Hirt
Sabine Schwarz
Charles Rabkin
Gottfried Dölken
Wolfgang Hoffmann
Publication date
01-03-2015
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0525-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2015

Cancer Causes & Control 3/2015 Go to the issue

Original Paper

The effect of warfarin therapy on breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survival: a population-based cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Original paper

Blood lipids and colorectal polyps: testing an etiologic hypothesis using phenotypic measurements and Mendelian randomization

Brief report

An international ecological study of adult height in relation to cancer incidence for 24 anatomical sites

Original paper

Association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and change in mammographic density over time in the SWAN mammographic density subcohort

Original paper

Association of TGF-β2 levels in breast milk with severity of breast biopsy diagnosis

Original paper

Endogenous hormones, inflammation, and body size in premenopausal Mexican women: results from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC, ESMaestras)
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits