Published in:
01-06-2007 | Review
Inflammation and breast cancer. Microenvironmental factors regulating macrophage function in breast tumours: hypoxia and angiopoietin-2
Authors:
Claire E Lewis, Russell Hughes
Published in:
Breast Cancer Research
|
Issue 3/2007
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Abstract
Considerable evidence has now accumulated for tumour-associated macrophages stimulating key aspects of tumour progression, including the proliferation, survival and metastasis of tumour cells, tumour angiogenesis and suppression of the anti-tumour functions of other immune effectors at the tumour site. Tumour micro-environmental factors such as hypoxia have profound, direct effects on these cells, stimulating many of their pro-tumour functions. Hypoxia also does so indirectly by stimulating the release of the cytokine angiopoietin-2 from tumour cells and tumour blood vessels. This in turn then recruits Tie-2-expressing monocytes into tumours from the bloodstream and inhibits their production of anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic cytokines.