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European Journal of Nutrition
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition 2/2021

01-03-2021 | Original Contribution

Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin D-fortified foods to estimate Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D

Authors: Kevin D. Cashman, Mairead E. Kiely, Rikke Andersen, Ida M. Grønborg, Katja H. Madsen, Janna Nissen, Inge Tetens, Laura Tripkovic, Susan A. Lanham-New, Laura Toxqui, M. Pilar Vaquero, Ulrike Trautvetter, Gerhard Jahreis, Vikram V. Mistry, Bonny L. Specker, Jürgen Hower, Anette Knoll, Dennis Wagner, Reinhold Vieth, Inger Öhlund, Pia Karlsland Åkeson, Neil R. Brett, Hope A. Weiler, Christian Ritz

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 2/2021

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Abstract

Context and purpose

Individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis is superior to meta-regression based on aggregate data in determining Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for vitamin D. Using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D3-fortified foods, we undertook an IPD analysis of the response of winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intake among children and adults and derived DRV for vitamin D.

Methods

IPD analysis using data from 1429 participants (ages 2–89 years) in 11 RCTs with vitamin D-fortified foods identified via a systematic review and predefined eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were vitamin D DRV estimates across a range of serum 25(OH)D thresholds using unadjusted and adjusted models.

Results

Our IPD-derived estimates of vitamin D intakes required to maintain 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 25 and ≥ 30 nmol/L are 6 and 12 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted model). The intake estimates to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are 33.4, 57.5 and 92.3 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted) and 17.0, 28.1 and 43.6 µg/day, respectively (adjusted for mean values for baseline serum 25(OH)D, age and BMI).

Conclusions

IPD-derived vitamin D intakes required to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are much higher than those derived from standard meta-regression based on aggregate data, due to the inability of the latter to capture between person-variability. Our IPD provides further evidence that using food-based approaches to achieve an intake of 12 µg/day could prevent vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) in the general population.
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Metadata
Title
Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin D-fortified foods to estimate Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D
Authors
Kevin D. Cashman
Mairead E. Kiely
Rikke Andersen
Ida M. Grønborg
Katja H. Madsen
Janna Nissen
Inge Tetens
Laura Tripkovic
Susan A. Lanham-New
Laura Toxqui
M. Pilar Vaquero
Ulrike Trautvetter
Gerhard Jahreis
Vikram V. Mistry
Bonny L. Specker
Jürgen Hower
Anette Knoll
Dennis Wagner
Reinhold Vieth
Inger Öhlund
Pia Karlsland Åkeson
Neil R. Brett
Hope A. Weiler
Christian Ritz
Publication date
01-03-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02298-x

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