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01-10-2019 | Original Investigation

Immune response triggered by Trypanosoma cruzi infection strikes adipose tissue homeostasis altering lipid storage, enzyme profile and adipokine expression

Authors: Florencia B. González, Silvina R. Villar, Judith Toneatto, María F. Pacini, Julia Márquez, Luciano D’Attilio, Oscar A. Bottasso, Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk, Ana R. Pérez

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 5/2019

Abstract

Adipose tissue is a target of Trypanosoma cruzi infection being a parasite reservoir during the chronic phase in mice and humans. Previously, we reported that acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice is linked to a severe adipose tissue loss, probably triggered by inflammation, as well as by the parasite itself. Here, we evaluated how infection affects adipose tissue homeostasis, considering adipocyte anabolic and catabolic pathways, the immune–endocrine pattern and the possible repercussion upon adipogenesis. During in vivo infection, both lipolytic and lipogenic pathways are profoundly affected, since the expression of lipolytic enzymes and lipogenic enzymes was intensely downregulated. A similar pattern was observed in isolated adipocytes from infected animals and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes infected in vitro with Trypanosoma cruzi. Moreover, 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to plasmas derived from infected animals also tend to downregulate lipolytic enzyme expression which was less evident regarding lipogenic enzymes. Moreover, in vivo-infected adipose tissue reveals a pro-inflammatory profile, with increased leucocyte infiltration accompanied by TNF and IL-6 overexpression, and adiponectin downregulation. Strikingly, the nuclear factor PPAR-γ is strongly decreased in adipocytes during in vivo infection. Attempts to favor PPAR-γ-mediated actions in the adipose tissue of infected animals using agonists failed, indicating that inflammation or parasite-derived factors are strongly involved in PPAR-γ inhibition. Here, we report that experimental acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection disrupts both adipocyte catabolic and anabolic metabolism secondary to PPAR-γ robust downregulation, tipping the balance towards to an adverse status compatible with the adipose tissue atrophy and the acquisition of an inflammatory phenotype.

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Title: Immune response triggered by Trypanosoma cruzi infection strikes adipose tissue homeostasis altering lipid storage, enzyme profile and adipokine expression
Authors: Florencia B. González
Silvina R. Villar
Judith Toneatto
María F. Pacini
Julia Márquez
Luciano D’Attilio
Oscar A. Bottasso
Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk
Ana R. Pérez
Publication date: 01-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-018-0572-z

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