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Cancer Cell International
Published in: Cancer Cell International 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Human Papillomavirus | Primary research

Co-presence of human papillomaviruses and Epstein–Barr virus is linked with advanced tumor stage: a tissue microarray study in head and neck cancer patients

Authors: Hamda Al-Thawadi, Ishita Gupta, Ayesha Jabeen, Faruk Skenderi, Tahar Aboulkassim, Amber Yasmeen, Mohammed I. Malki, Gerald Batist, Semir Vranic, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa

Published in: Cancer Cell International | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), known oncoviruses, can be co-present and cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of human carcinomas, including head and neck. Based on this fact, we recently reported the prevalence of both HPVs and EBV in cervical and breast cancers.

Methods

We herein explore for the first time the co-prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 98 head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues from Bosnian patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, as well as tissue microarray methodology.

Results

The majority of these cancer tissue cases were from the oral cavity (68%). We found that high-risk HPVs and EBV are co-present in 34.7% of the SCC samples; with a significant correlation between the various HPV types and EBV co-incidence (p = 0.03). Our data showed that 30.8% of oral SCCs are positive for E6 oncoprotein of high-risk HPVs and 44.6% are positive for LMP1 of EBV. The most commonly expressed HPVs in our HNSCC samples include HPV types 16, 18, 45 and 58. Additionally, 37.5% of oral SCCs are positive for both HPVs and EBV, with statistically significant association between high-risk HPV types and EBV (p < 0.05). More importantly, our data revealed that the co-presence of HPV and EBV is strongly correlated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.035).

Conclusion

In this study we show that HPV and EBV oncoviruses are co-present in HNSCC, particularly in oral cancer, where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Thus, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of this cooperation.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Co-presence of human papillomaviruses and Epstein–Barr virus is linked with advanced tumor stage: a tissue microarray study in head and neck cancer patients
Authors
Hamda Al-Thawadi
Ishita Gupta
Ayesha Jabeen
Faruk Skenderi
Tahar Aboulkassim
Amber Yasmeen
Mohammed I. Malki
Gerald Batist
Semir Vranic
Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cancer Cell International / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2867
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01348-y

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