Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Human Papillomavirus | Research

Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Luoyang city of Henan province during 2015–2021 and the genetic variability of HPV16 and 52

Authors: Xiuli Wang, Shuizhong Han, Xingwei Li, Xiaochuan Wang, Shan Wang, Li Ma

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Persistent high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes infection has been implicated as a causative of cervical cancer. Distribution and genotypes of HPV infection among females and their variations would assist in the formulation of preventive strategy for cervical cancer. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of HPV among females in central China.

Methods

The distribution and genotypes of HPV among 9943 females attending the gynecological examinations in central of China during 2015–2021 were investigated. HPV genotypes were detected using a commercial kit. Nucleotides sequences of L1, E6 and E7 genes in HPV16 or HPV52 positive samples collected in 2021 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Variations of L1, E6 and E7 in HPV16 and HPV52 were gained by sequencing and compared with the reference sequence. Sublineages of HPV16 and HPV52 were determined by the construction of phylogenetic tree based on L1 gene.

Results

The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 22.81%, with the infection rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) was 19.02% and low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) was 6.40%. The most top five genotypes of HPV infection were HPV16 (7.49%), HPV52 (3.04%), HPV58 (2.36%), HPV18 (1.65%) and HPV51 (1.61%). Plots of the age-infection rate showed that the single HPV, multiple HPV, HR-HPV, LR-HPV infection revealed the same tendency with two peaks of HPV infection were observed among females aged ≤ 20 year-old and 60–65 year-old. The predominant sublineage of HPV16 was A1 and B2 for HPV52. For HPV16, The most prevalent mutations were T266A (27/27) and N181T (7/27) for L1, D32E for E6 and S63F for E7 in HPV16. For HPV52, all of the nucleotide changes were synonymous mutation in L1 (except L5S) and E7 genes. The K93R mutation was observed in most HPV52 E6 protein.

Conclusions

The present study provides basic information about the distribution, genotypes and variations of HPV among females population in Henan province, which would assist in the formulation of preventive strategies and improvements of diagnostic probe and vaccine for HPV in this region.
Literature
1.
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394–424.CrossRef
2.
Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:E359-386.PubMed
3.
Lu Y, Li P, Luo G, Liu D, Zou H. Cancer attributable to human papillomavirus infection in China: Burden and trends. Cancer. 2020;126:3719–32.PubMed
4.
Bzhalava D, Eklund C, Dillner J. International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types. Virology. 2015;476:341–4.PubMed
5.
Burk RD, Harari A, Chen Z. Human papillomavirus genome variants. Virology. 2013;445:232–43.PubMed
6.
Scheffner M, Romanczuk H, Munger K, Huibregtse JM, Mietz JA, Howley PM. Functions of human papillomavirus proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1994;186:83–99.PubMed
7.
Seedorf K, Krammer G, Durst M, Suhai S, Rowekamp WG. Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequence. Virology. 1985;145:181–5.PubMed
8.
Yao Y, Huang W, Yang X, Sun W, Liu X, Cun W, Ma Y. HPV-16 E6 and E7 protein T cell epitopes prediction analysis based on distributions of HLA-A loci across populations: an in silico approach. Vaccine. 2013;31:2289–94.PubMed
9.
Bishop B, Dasgupta J, Klein M, Garcea RL, Christensen ND, Zhao R, Chen XS. Crystal structures of four types of human papillomavirus L1 capsid proteins: understanding the specificity of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:31803–11.PubMed
10.
Mo X, Gai Tobe R, Wang L, Liu X, Wu B, Luo H, Nagata C, Mori R, Nakayama T. Cost-effectiveness analysis of different types of human papillomavirus vaccination combined with a cervical cancer screening program in mainland China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:502.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Bogaards JA, van der Weele P, Woestenberg PJ, van Benthem BHB, King AJ. Bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness correlates with phylogenetic distance from HPV vaccine types 16 and 18. J Infect Dis. 2019;220:1141–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Varsani A, Williamson AL, Jaffer MA, Rybicki EP. A deletion and point mutation study of the human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid gene. Virus Res. 2006;122:154–63.PubMed
13.
Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ. International agency for research on cancer multicenter cervical cancer study G: epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:518–27.PubMed
14.
de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, Tous S, Felix A, Bravo LE, Shin HR, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:1048–56.PubMed
15.
Ge Y, Zhong S, Ren M, Ge Y, Mao Y, Cao P. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection of 65,613 women in East China. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:178.PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Liu Y, Ang Q, Wu H, Xu J, Chen D, Zhao H, Liu H, Guo X, Gu Y, Qiu H. Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and precancerous cervical lesions in a screening population in Beijing, China: analysis of results from China’s top 3 hospital, 2009–2019. Virol J. 2020;17:104.PubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Li H, Li P, Huang L, Sun L, Ren H, Li P. Prevalence characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Zhoupu District, Shanghai City, China. Virol J. 2020;17:84.PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zhu Y, Qian F, Zou W, Wu X, Liu C, Shen G, Lai S, Yang S. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection in Huzhou City, eastern China, 2018–2019. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2021;115:30–7.PubMed
19.
Yamada T, Manos MM, Peto J, Greer CE, Munoz N, Bosch FX, Wheeler CM. Human papillomavirus type 16 sequence variation in cervical cancers: a worldwide perspective. J Virol. 1997;71:2463–72.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Fang L, Lin X, Yang Y, Song Z, Ding X, Tan L, Gao P. Genetic variability, phylogeny and functional implication of the long control region in human papillomavirus type 16, 18 and 58 in Chengdu, China. Virol J. 2020;17:106.PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zhe X, Xin H, Pan Z, Jin F, Zheng W, Li H, Li D, Cao D, Li Y, Zhang C, et al. Genetic variations in E6, E7 and the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16 among patients with cervical lesions in Xinjiang, China. Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19:65.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Sun Z, Lu Z, Liu J, Wang G, Zhou W, Yang L, Liu C, Wang B, Ruan Q. Genetic variations of E6 and long control region of human papillomavirus type 16 from patients with cervical lesion in Liaoning, China. BMC Cancer. 2013;13:459.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Mirabello L, Yeager M, Cullen M, Boland JF, Chen Z, Wentzensen N, Zhang X, Yu K, Yang Q, Mitchell J, et al: HPV16 sublineage associations with histology-specific cancer risk using HPV whole-genome sequences in 3200 women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108.
24.
van der Weele P, Meijer C, King AJ. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Variant Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 Infections. J Virol. 2017;91.
25.
Yu LL, Kang LN, Zhao FH, Lei XQ, Qin Y, Wu ZN, Wang H, Chen W, Qiao YL. Elevated expression of human papillomavirus-16/18 E6 oncoprotein associates with persistence of viral infection: a 3-year prospective study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25:1167–74.PubMed
26.
Zehbe I, Voglino G, Delius H, Wilander E, Tommasino M. Risk of cervical cancer and geographical variations of human papillomavirus 16 E6 polymorphisms. Lancet. 1998;352:1441–2.PubMed
27.
Chan PK, Lam CW, Cheung TH, Li WW, Lo KW, Chan MY, Cheung JL, Xu LY, Cheng AF. Human papillomavirus type 16 intratypic variant infection and risk for cervical neoplasia in southern China. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:696–700.PubMed
28.
Chen G, Zheng P, Gao L, Zhao J, Wang Y, Qin W. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in women with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Henan province, central China. J Med Virol 2020.
29.
Liu XX, Fan XL, Yu YP, Ji L, Yan J, Sun AH. Human papillomavirus prevalence and type-distribution among women in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:708.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Ma L, Lei J, Ma L, Cong X, Wang N, Yang H, Liu Q, Yu Y, Cao Y. Characteristics of women infected with human papillomavirus in a tertiary hospital in Beijing China, 2014–2018. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:670.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Li B, Wang H, Yang D, Ma J. Prevalence and distribution of cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cytological results from Sichuan province, China. J Med Virol. 2019;91:139–45.PubMed
32.
Zhong TY, Zhou JC, Hu R, Fan XN, Xie XY, Liu ZX, Lin M, Chen YG, Hu XM, Wang WH, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among 71,435 women in Jiangxi Province, China. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10:783–8.PubMed
33.
Yan X, Huang Y, Zhang M, Hu X, Li K, Jing M. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and type distribution among Uyghur females in Xinjiang, northwest China. Oncol Lett. 2020;20:25.PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Cao D, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Wei X, Zhao M, Ma Q, Li Y, Wang L, Pei M, Yang T, et al. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women in Shaanxi province of China: a hospital-based investigation. J Med Virol. 2017;89:1281–6.PubMed
35.
Su Y, Yuan Z, Xu C, Li Z, Zhu R, Zhang W, Cao R, Yan X, Liu Y. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women: a population-based study in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. J Med Virol. 2019;91:1553–61.PubMed
36.
Duan R, Qiao Y, Clifford G, Zhao F. Cancer burden attributable to human papillomavirus infection by sex, cancer site, age, and geographical area in China. Cancer Med. 2020;9:374–84.PubMed
37.
Hu S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu Y, Hong Y, Zhang X, et al. A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge, attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China. Vaccine. 2021;39:35–44.PubMed
38.
Zhao P, Liu S, Zhong Z, Hou J, Lin L, Weng R, Su L, Lei N, Hou T, Yang H. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women in northeastern Guangdong Province of China. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:204.PubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Mai Q, Yang X, Cheng H, Wu G, Wu Z: Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women with cervical lesions in Shenzhen city, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;1–7.
40.
Althoff KN, Paul P, Burke AE, Viscidi R, Sangaramoorthy M, Gravitt PE. Correlates of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus detection in perimenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18:1341–6.
41.
Godi A, Boampong D, Elegunde B, Panwar K, Fleury M, Li S, Zhao Q, Xia N, Christensen ND, Beddows S. Comprehensive assessment of the antigenic impact of human papillomavirus lineage variation on recognition by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies raised against lineage a major capsid proteins of vaccine-related genotypes. J Virol. 2020;94.
42.
Doorbar J, Quint W, Banks L, Bravo IG, Stoler M, Broker TR, Stanley MA. The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses. Vaccine. 2012;30(Suppl 5):F55-70.PubMed
43.
Xi LF, Schiffman M, Koutsky LA, Hughes JP, Winer RL, Mao C, Hulbert A, Lee SK, Shen Z, Kiviat NB. Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106.
44.
Zhou Z, Yang H, Yang L, Yao Y, Dai S, Shi L, Li C, Yang L, Yan Z, Yao Y. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 gene variations associated with cervical cancer in a Han Chinese population. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;73:13–20.PubMed
45.
Ding T, Wang X, Ye F, Cheng X, Lu W, Xie X. Distribution of human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 variants in cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese women. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2010;20:1391–8.PubMed
46.
Hang D, Yin Y, Han J, Jiang J, Ma H, Xie S, Feng X, Zhang K, Hu Z, Shen H, et al. Analysis of human papillomavirus 16 variants and risk for cervical cancer in Chinese population. Virology. 2016;488:156–61.PubMed
47.
Yang B, Zhang L, Zhang A, Zhou A, Yuan J, Wang Y, Sun L, Cao H, Zheng W. Variant sublineages of human papillomavirus type 16 predispose women to persistent infection characterized by a sequence analysis of the E6, L1, and LCR regions. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2019;12:337–43.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zhang J, Wang T, Han M, Yang ZH, Liu LX, Chen Y, Zhang L, Hu HZ, Xi MR. Variation of human papillomavirus 16 in cervical and lung cancers in Sichuan, China. Acta Virol. 2010;54:247–53.PubMed
49.
Freitas LB, Chen Z, Muqui EF, Boldrini NA, Miranda AE, Spano LC, Burk RD. Human papillomavirus 16 non-European variants are preferentially associated with high-grade cervical lesions. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e100746.PubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Yue Y, Yang H, Wu K, Yang L, Chen J, Huang X, Pan Y, Ruan Y, Zhao Y, Shi X, et al. Genetic variability in L1 and L2 genes of HPV-16 and HPV-58 in Southwest China. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e55204.PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Cao M, Chenzhang Y, Ding X, Zhang Y, Jing Y, Chen Z. Genetic variability and lineage phylogeny of human papillomavirus type-16 and -53 based on the E6, E7, and L1 genes in Southwest China. Gene. 2016;592:49–59.PubMed
52.
Zhang C, Park JS, Grce M, Hibbitts S, Palefsky JM, Konno R, Smith-McCune KK, Giovannelli L, Chu TY, Picconi MA, et al. Geographical distribution and risk association of human papillomavirus genotype 52-variant lineages. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1600–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Yi JW, Jang M, Kim SJ, Kim SS, Rhee JE. Degradation of p53 by natural variants of the E6 protein of human papillomavirus type 16. Oncol Rep. 2013;29:1617–22.PubMed
54.
Jang M, Rhee JE, Jang DH, Kim SS. Gene expression profiles are altered in human papillomavirus-16 E6 D25E-expressing cell lines. Virol J. 2011;8:453.PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Li S, Ye M, Chen Y, Gong Q, Mei B. Genetic variation of E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus 52 from Central China. J Med Virol. 2020.
56.
Zhang Y, Cao M, Wang M, Ding X, Jing Y, Chen Z, Ma T, Chen H. Genetic variability in E6, E7, and L1 genes of human papillomavirus genotype 52 from Southwest China. Gene. 2016;585:110–8.PubMed
57.
Lai TO, Boon SS, Law PT, Chen Z, Thomas M, Banks L, Chan PK. Oncogenicitiy comparison of human papillomavirus type 52 E6 variants. J Gen Virol. 2019;100:484–96.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Luoyang city of Henan province during 2015–2021 and the genetic variability of HPV16 and 52
Authors
Xiuli Wang
Shuizhong Han
Xingwei Li
Xiaochuan Wang
Shan Wang
Li Ma
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01759-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

Virology Journal 1/2022 Go to the issue

Research

Searching for plant-derived antivirals against dengue virus and Zika virus

Research

Comparison of the performance of two real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR kits for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid: a study based on large real clinical samples

Methodology

Development of an indirect ELISA using a novel linear epitope at the C-terminal region of the VP2 protein to specifically detect antibodies against Senecavirus A

Review

Effects of electromagnetic waves on pathogenic viruses and relevant mechanisms: a review

Research

Single-dose rAAV5-based vaccine provides long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

Research

The polymorphism analysis and epitope predicted of Alphapapillomavirus 9 E6 in Sichuan, China
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits