Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Study protocol

Peers plus mobile app for treatment in HIV (PATH): protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test a community-based integrated peer support and mHealth intervention to improve viral suppression among Hispanic and Black people living with HIV

Authors: Eileen V. Pitpitan, Keith J. Horvath, Jeannette Aldous, Jamila K. Stockman, Thomas L. Patterson, Megan Liang, Constantino Barrozo, Veronica Moore, Katherine Penninga, Laramie R. Smith

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Significant disparities continue to exist in the HIV care continuum, whereby Hispanic and Black people living with HIV (PLWH) are less likely to achieve viral suppression compared to their White counterparts. Studies have shown that intervention approaches that involve peer navigation may play an important role in supporting patients to stay engaged in HIV care. However, implementation may be challenging in real-world settings where there are limited resources to support peer navigators. Combining a peer navigation approach with scalable mobile health (mHealth) technology may improve impact and implementation outcomes.

Methods

We combined a peer navigation intervention with a mHealth application and are conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of this integrated “Peers plus mobile App for Treatment in HIV” (PATH) intervention to improve HIV care engagement, and ultimately sustained viral suppression, among Hispanic and Black PLWH. We will enroll up to 375 PLWH into a two-arm prospective RCT, conducting follow-up assessments every 3 months up to 12 months post-baseline. Participants randomized to the control arm will continue to receive usual care Ryan White Program case management services. Individuals randomized to receive the PATH intervention will receive usual care plus access to two main intervention components: (1) a peer navigation program and (2) a mHealth web application. The primary outcome is sustained HIV viral suppression (undetectable viral load observed at 6- and 12-month follow-up). Secondary outcomes are retention in HIV care, gaps in HIV medical visits, and self-reported ART adherence. Recruitment for the RCT began in November 2021 and will continue until June 2024. Follow-up assessments and medical chart abstractions will be conducted to collect measurements of outcome variables.

Discussion

The efficacy trial of PATH will help to fill gaps in our scientific understanding of how a combined peer navigation and mHealth approach may produce effects on HIV care outcomes while addressing potential implementation challenges of peer navigation in Ryan White-funded clinics.

Trial registration

The PATH trial is registered at the United States National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov) under ID # NCT05427318. Registered on 22 June 2022.

Simoni JM, Huh D, Wilson IB, et al. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in ART Adherence in the United States: Findings From the MACH14 Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 2012;60(5):466–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825db0bd.

Castel AD, Kalmin MM, Hart RLD, et al. Disparities in achieving and sustaining viral suppression among a large cohort of HIV-infected persons in care – Washington, DC. AIDS Care. 2016;28(11):1355–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1189496.

Anderson AN, Higgins CM, Haardörfer R, Holstad MM, Nguyen MLT, Waldrop-Valverde D. Disparities in Retention in Care Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(4):985–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02679-2.

Levison JH, Levinson JK, Alegría M. A Critical Review and Commentary on the Challenges in Engaging HIV-Infected Latinos in the Continuum of HIV Care. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(8):2500–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2187-1.

Morin SF, Sengupta S, Cozen M, et al. Responding to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of HIV Drugs: Analysis of State Policies. Public Health Rep. 2002;117(3):263–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/117.3.263.

Beer L, Mattson CL, Bradley H, Skarbinski J. Understanding Cross-Sectional Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Antiretroviral Use and Viral Suppression Among HIV Patients in the United States. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(13). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000003171.

Crepaz N, Dong X, Wang X, Hernandez AL, Hall HI. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sustained Viral Suppression and Transmission Risk Potential Among Persons Receiving HIV Care — United States, 2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(4):113–8. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6704a2.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Monitoring Selected National HIV Prevention and Care Objectives by Using HIV Surveillance Data United States and 6 Dependent Areas, 2017. HIV Surveillance Report 2019.; 2019.

Kuhns LM, Hotton AL, Garofalo R, et al. An Index of Multiple Psychosocial, Syndemic Conditions Is Associated with Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among HIV-Positive Youth. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2016;30(4):185–92. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2015.0328.

10.

Biello KB, Oldenburg CE, Safren SA, et al. Multiple syndemic psychosocial factors are associated with reduced engagement in HIV care among a multinational, online sample of HIV-infected MSM in Latin America. AIDS Care. 2016;28 Suppl 1:84–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146205.

11.

Blashill AJ, Bedoya CA, Mayer KH, et al. Psychosocial syndemics are additively associated with worse ART adherence in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(6):981–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0925-6.

12.

Cheng WS, Garfein RS, Semple SJ, Strathdee SA, Zians JK, Patterson TL. Binge use and sex and drug use behaviors among HIV(–), heterosexual methamphetamine users in San Diego. Subst Use Misuse. 2010;45(1–2):116–33. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826080902869620.

13.

Pitpitan EV, Semple SJ, Zians J, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for HIV-Negative Heterosexual Meth Users: The FASTLANE II Intervention Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. Cogn Behav Pract. Published online in press.

14.

Brouwer KC, Case P, Ramos R, et al. Trends in production, trafficking, and consumption of methamphetamine and cocaine in Mexico. Subst Use Misuse. 2006;41(5):707–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080500411478.

15.

Shah P, Kibel M, Ayuku D, et al. A Pilot Study of “Peer Navigators” to Promote Uptake of HIV Testing, Care and Treatment Among Street-Connected Children and Youth in Eldoret, Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(4):908–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2276-1.

16.

Steward WT, Sumitani J, Moran ME, et al. Engaging HIV-positive clients in care: acceptability and mechanisms of action of a peer navigation program in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2018;30(3):330–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1363362.

17.

Genberg BL, Shangani S, Sabatino K, et al. Improving engagement in the HIV care cascade: a systematic review of interventions involving people living with HIV/AIDS as peers. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(10):2452–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1307-z.

18.

Cahill S, Taylor SW, Elsesser SA, Mena L, Hickson D, Mayer KH. Stigma, medical mistrust, and perceived racism may affect PrEP awareness and uptake in black compared to white gay and bisexual men in Jackson, Mississippi and Boston, Massachusetts. AIDS Care. 2017;29(11):1351–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1300633.

19.

Galvan FH, Bogart LM, Klein DJ, Wagner GJ, Chen YT. Medical mistrust as a key mediator in the association between perceived discrimination and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive Latino men. J Behav Med. 2017;40(5):784–93.

20.

López-Cevallos DF, Harvey SM, Warren JT. Medical mistrust, perceived discrimination, and satisfaction with health care among young-adult rural Latinos. J Rural Health. 2014;30(4):344–51.

21.

Sly JR, Jandorf L, Dhulkifl R, et al. Challenges to replicating evidence-based research in real-world settings: training African-American peers as patient navigators for colon cancer screening. J Cancer Educ. 2012;27(4):680–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-012-0395-3.

22.

Karwa R, Maina M, Mercer T, et al. Leveraging peer-based support to facilitate HIV care in Kenya. PLoS Med. 2017;14(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002355.

23.

Schnall R, Bakken S, Rojas M, Travers J, Carballo-Dieguez A. mHealth technology as a persuasive tool for treatment, care and management of persons living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(2):81–9.

24.

Catalani C, Philbrick W, Fraser H, Mechael P, Israelski DM. mHealth for HIV treatment & prevention: a systematic review of the literature. Open AIDS J. 2013;7:17.

25.

Stowell E, Lyson MC, Saksono H, et al. Designing and Evaluating mHealth Interventions for Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI ’18. Association for Computing Machinery; 2018. p. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173589.

26.

Cooper V, Clatworthy J, Whetham J, Consortium E. mHealth interventions to support self-management in HIV: a systematic review. Open AIDS J. 2017;11:119–32. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010119.

27.

Akter S, Ray P. mHealth - an ultimate platform to serve the unserved. Yearb Med Inform. 2010;19(1):94–100. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638697.

28.

Wilson IB, Lee Y, Michaud J, Fowler FJ, Rogers WH. Validation of a new three-item self-report measure for medication adherence. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(11):2700–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1406-x.

29.

Pitpitan EV, Mittal ML, Smith LR. Perceived need and acceptability of a community-based peer navigator model to engage key populations in HIV care in Tijuana, Mexico. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2020;19:2325958220919276. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325958220919276.

30.

Smith LR, Pitpitan EV. Tranquilo, Seguro, y Motivado: Participant perceptions of a peer navigation intervention for substance-involved HIV-positive key populations in Tijuana, Mexico. Presented at: 13th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL. June 2018.

31.

Smith L, Modi R, Amico KR. Example Interventions Using Motivational Interviewing to Enhance Engagement in HIV Care. In:; 2019:75–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619954.003.0008.

32.

Rivet AK. A situated-Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model of Care Initiation and Maintenance (sIMB-CIM): an IMB model based approach to understanding and intervening in engagement in care for chronic medical conditions. J Health Psychol. 2011;16(7):1071–81.

33.

Smith LR, Fisher JD, Cunningham CO, Amico KR. Understanding the behavioral determinants of retention in HIV care: a qualitative evaluation of a situated information, motivation, behavioral skills model of care initiation and maintenance. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26(6):344–55.

34.

Flay BR, Petraitis J. The Theory of Triadic Influence: A New Theory of Health Behavior With Implications for Preventive Interventions. 1994. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224942196_The_Theory_of_Triadic_Influence_A_New_Theory_of_Health_Behavior_With_Implications_for_Preventive_Interventions. Accessed 2 Jan 2017.

35.

Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52(1):1–26.

36.

Eaton LA, Driffin DD, Kegler C, et al. The role of stigma and medical mistrust in the routine health care engagement of black men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(2):e75–82.

37.

LaVeist TA, Nickerson KJ, Bowie JV. Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and white cardiac patients. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57(1_suppl):146–61.

38.

Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9200-x.

39.

Valera P, Boyas JF, Bernal C, Chiongbian VB, Chang Y, Shelton RC. A validation of the group-based medical mistrust scale in formerly incarcerated Black and Latino men. Am J Mens Health. 2018;12(4):844–50.

40.

Pitpitan EV, Smith LR. Results from a pilot study of a peer navigator intervention for out-of-HIV-care key populations in Tijuana, Mexico. Presented at: 13th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL; 2018.

41.

Stockman JK, Anderson KM, Tsuyuki K, Horvath KJ. LinkPositively: a trauma-informed peer navigation and social networking WebApp to improve HIV care among black women affected by interpersonal violence. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2021;32(2 Suppl):166–88. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2021.0056.

42.

Horvath KJ, Smolenski D, Amico KR. An empirical test of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model of ART adherence in a sample of HIV-positive persons primarily in out-of-HIV-care settings. AIDS Care. 2014;26(2):142–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.802283.

43.

Performance Measure Portfolio. HIV/AIDS Bureau. 2016. https://hab.hrsa.gov/clinical-quality-management/performance-measure-portfolio. Accessed 7 May 2020.

44.

Finitsis DJ, Pellowski JA, Johnson BT. Text message intervention designs to promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088166.

45.

Chen H, Cohen P, Chen S. How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Commun Stat - Simul Comput. 2010;39(4):860–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383.

46.

Cunningham WE, Weiss RE, Nakazono T, et al. Effectiveness of a peer navigation intervention to sustain viral suppression among HIV-positive men and transgender women released from jail: the LINK LA randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(4):542–53. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0150.

47.

Amico KR, Toro-Alfonso J, Fisher JD. An empirical test of the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills model of antiretroviral therapy adherence. AIDS Care. 2005;17(6):661–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500038058.

48.

Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHEALS: the eHealth literacy scale. J Med Internet Res. 2006;8(4):e27. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8.4.e27.

49.

NW 1615 L. St, Suite 800Washington, Inquiries D 20036USA202 419 4300 | M 857 8562 | F 419 4372 | M. U.S. Technology Device Ownership 2015. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. 2015. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/10/29/technology-device-ownership-2015/. Accessed 11 May 2020.

50.

Earnshaw VA, Smith LR, Chaudoir SR, Amico KR, Copenhaver MM. HIV stigma mechanisms and well-being among PLWH: a test of the HIV stigma framework. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(5):1785–95.

51.

Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med 1982. 1991;32(6):705–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b.

52.

Thompson HS, Valdimarsdottir HB, Winkel G, Jandorf L, Redd W. The Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale: psychometric properties and association with breast cancer screening. Prev Med. 2004;38(2):209–18.

53.

Zhang W, O’Brien N, Forrest JI, et al. Validating a shortened depression scale (10 Item CES-D) among HIV-positive people in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040793.

54.

Kimerling R, Ouimette P, Prins A, et al. BRIEF REPORT: Utility of a short screening scale for DSM-IV PTSD in primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(1):65–7.

55.

Suglia SF, Ryan L, Wright RJ. Creation of a community violence exposure scale: accounting for what, who, where, and how often. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(5):479–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20362.

56.

Straus MA, Hamby SL, Boney-McCoy S, Sugarman DB. The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2). J Fam Issues. 1996;17(3):283.

57.

USDA ERS - Survey Tools. https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-u-s/survey-tools/#household. Accessed 9 Nov 2023.

58.

Kushel MB, Gupta R, Gee L, Haas JS. Housing instability and food insecurity as barriers to health care among low-income Americans. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(1):71–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00278.x.

59.

Group WAW. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction. 2002;97(9):1183–94. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x.

60.

Smith LR, Earnshaw VA, Copenhaver MM, Cunningham CO. Substance use stigma: reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;162:34–43.

61.

Kang JDY, Schafer JL. Demystifying double robustness: a comparison of alternative strategies for estimating a population mean from incomplete data. https://doi.org/10.1214/07-STS227. Published online April 18, 2008.

62.

Mortimer KM, Neugebauer R, van der Laan M, Tager IB. An application of model-fitting procedures for marginal structural models. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(4):382–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi208.

63.

Robins JM, Hernán MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiol Camb Mass. 2000;11(5):550–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011.

64.

Rubin DB. On principles for modeling propensity scores in medical research. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(12):855–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.968.

65.

Longford NT. Random Coefficient Models. In: Lovric M, editor. International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science. Springer; 2011. p. 1164–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_471.

66.

Little RJA, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data, 3rd Edition | Wiley. Wiley.com. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Statistical+Analysis+with+Missing+Data%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780470526798. Accessed 7 May 2020.

67.

Westfall PH, Young SS. Resampling-based multiple testing: examples and methods for p-value adjustment | Wiley. Wiley.com. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Resampling+Based+Multiple+Testing%3A+Examples+and+Methods+for+p+Value+Adjustment-p-9780471557616. Accessed 7 May 2020.

68.

Imai K, Keele L, Tingley D. A general approach to causal mediation analysis. Psychol Methods. 2010;15(4):309–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020761.

69.

Valeri L, Vanderweele TJ. Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros. Psychol Methods. 2013;18(2):137–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031034.

70.

Magnani R, Sabin K, Saidel T, Heckathorn D. Review of sampling hard-to-reach and hidden populations for HIV surveillance. AIDS. 2005;19:S67–72.

71.

Karim SSA, Karim QA. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2126–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6.

72.

Chitwood MH, Kwon J, Savinkina A, Walker J, Bilinski A, Gonsalves G. Estimated testing, tracing, and vaccination targets for containment of the US Mpox outbreak. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2250984. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50984.

73.

Toerien M, Brookes ST, Metcalfe C, et al. A review of reporting of participant recruitment and retention in RCTs in six major journals. Trials. 2009;10(1):52. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-10-52.

74.

Walters SJ, Henriques-Cadby IB dos A, Bortolami O, et al. Recruitment and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a review of trials funded and published by the United Kingdom Health Technology Assessment Programme. BMJ Open. 2017;7(3):e015276. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015276.

75.

Davis LL, Broome ME, Cox RP. Maximizing retention in community-based clinical trials. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2002;34(1):47–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00047.x.

76.

Braunstein JB, Sherber NS, Schulman SP, Ding EL, Powe NR. Race, medical researcher distrust, perceived harm, and willingness to participate in cardiovascular prevention trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2008;87(1):1–9.

77.

Viswanathan M, Ammerman A, Eng E, et al. Community‐Based Participatory Research: Assessing the Evidence: Summary. In: AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2004. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK11852/. Accessed 9 Nov 2023.

78.

Minkler M. Community-based research partnerships: challenges and opportunities. J Urban Health. 2005;82(2):ii3–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jti034.

79.

Dave S, Peter T, Fogarty C, Karatzas N, Belinsky N, Pai NP. Which community-based HIV initiatives are effective in achieving UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets? A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence (2007–2018). PLoS ONE. 2019;14(7):e0219826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219826.

80.

Nachega JB, Adetokunboh O, Uthman OA, et al. Community-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy adherence, retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries for achieving the UNAIDS 90–90-90 targets. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016;13(5):241–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0325-9.

81.

Peebles K, Baeten JM. Cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions: estimates from real-world implementation needed. eClinicalMedicine. 2019;10:8–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.05.002.

82.

Cox J, Gutner C, Kronfli N, et al. A need for implementation science to optimise the use of evidence-based interventions in HIV care: a systematic literature review. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8):e0220060. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220060.

83.

Pugh LE, Roberts JS, Viswasam N, et al. Systematic review of interventions aimed at improving HIV adherence to care in low- and middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Infect Public Health. 2022;15(10):1053–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2022.08.012.

84.

Curran GM, Bauer M, Mittman B, Pyne JM, Stetler C. Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs: combining elements of clinical effectiveness and implementation research to enhance public health impact. Med Care. 2012;50(3):217–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182408812.

85.

Fixsen D. Assessing Drivers Best Practices. Published online 2018.

86.

Moullin JC, Dickson KS, Stadnick NA, Rabin B, Aarons GA. Systematic review of the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) framework. Implement Sci. 2019;14(1):1–16.

87.

Proctor E, Silmere H, Raghavan R, et al. Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2011;38(2):65–76.

Title: Peers plus mobile app for treatment in HIV (PATH): protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test a community-based integrated peer support and mHealth intervention to improve viral suppression among Hispanic and Black people living with HIV
Authors: Eileen V. Pitpitan
Keith J. Horvath
Jeannette Aldous
Jamila K. Stockman
Thomas L. Patterson
Megan Liang
Constantino Barrozo
Veronica Moore
Katherine Penninga
Laramie R. Smith
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Trials / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-08042-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Peers plus mobile app for treatment in HIV (PATH): protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test a community-based integrated peer support and mHealth intervention to improve viral suppression among Hispanic and Black people living with HIV

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Trial registration

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Discussion

Trial registration

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Sacral neuromodulation for constipation and fecal incontinence in children and adolescents – study protocol of a prospective, randomized trial on the application of invasive vs. non-invasive technique

Vitamin D as an intervention for improving quadriceps muscle strength in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: study protocol for a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

The effect of oral motor intervention with different initiation times to improve feeding outcomes in preterm infants: protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Training and education on inclusivity in clinical trials—the SENSITISE project

Comparing the effects of pulsed and radiofrequency catheter ablation on quality of life, anxiety, and depression of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a single-center, randomized, single-blind, standard-controlled trial

The (cost-)effectiveness of early intervention (MBT-early) versus standard protocolized treatment (CBT) for emerging borderline personality disorder in adolescents (the EARLY study): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial