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Open Access 25-03-2022 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Review

HIV-1 restriction by SERINC5

Authors: Lucía Cano-Ortiz, Tom Luedde, Carsten Münk

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 2/2023

Abstract

Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5 or SER5) is a multipass transmembrane protein with ill-defined cellular activities. SER5 was recently described as a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) restriction factor capable of inhibiting HIV-1 that does not express its accessory protein Nef (Δ Nef). SER5 incorporated into the viral membrane impairs the entry of HIV-1 by disrupting the fusion between the viral and the plasma membrane after envelope receptor interaction induced the first steps of the fusion process. The mechanisms of how SER5 prevents membrane fusion are not fully understood and viral envelope proteins were identified that escape the SER5-mediated restriction. Primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), use their accessory protein Nef to downregulate SER5 from the plasma membrane by inducing an endocytic pathway. In addition to being directly antiviral, recent data suggest that SER5 is an important adapter protein in innate signaling pathways leading to the induction of inflammatory cytokines. This review discusses the current knowledge about HIV-1 restriction by SER5.

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Title: HIV-1 restriction by SERINC5
Authors: Lucía Cano-Ortiz
Tom Luedde
Carsten Münk
Publication date: 25-03-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-022-00732-x

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