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Open Access 01-08-2019 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Peripheral neuropathy in patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Authors: Peter Puplampu, Vincent Ganu, Ernest Kenu, William Kudzi, Patrick Adjei, Leticia Grize, Michael Käser

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 4/2019

Abstract

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most frequent neurological complication in people living with HIV/AIDS. Neurological damage was identified to not only be caused by the viral infection itself but also through neurotoxic antiretroviral therapy (ART). PN is associated with a variety of risk factors; however, detailed knowledge is scarce for sub-Saharan African populations, bearing among the highest HIV/AIDS infection burden.

In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of PN in 525 adult outpatients suffering from HIV/AIDS and admitted to the largest tertiary hospital in Ghana. Through a detailed questionnaire and clinical examination including neurologic assessment and laboratory blood sample testing, this study investigated associations of PN with demographic and health determinants and identified risk factors associated with sensory neuropathy.

The prevalence of PN in the Ghanaian cohort was 17.7% and increased odd ratios (OR) when patients were taller (> 1.57 m; OR = 3.84; 95% CI 1.38–10.66) or reached the age > 34 years (p = 0.124). Respondents with longer education duration had significantly less PN (≥ 9 years of education; OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.26–0.92). The study also identified significant association of PN to both waist and hip girth and neutrophil counts. Curiously, higher adjusted odd ratios (aOR) of PN of patients under ART treatment were observed when CD4 lymphocytes were elevated (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.36–1.83 and aOR = 2.17; 95% CI 0.93–5.05, for 300 and 600 counts, respectively). For patients on ART, an increase of 10 CD4 cell count units increased their chance of developing PN by 1% (aOR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03).

Despite current drug application regulations, prevalence of PN is still unacceptably high in sub-Saharan African populations. Reduction in chronic morbidity through a health system with routine monitoring, early diagnosis and prompt intervention, and effective case management can improve people living with HIV/AIDS’ quality of life.

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Title: Peripheral neuropathy in patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection at a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Peter Puplampu
Vincent Ganu
Ernest Kenu
William Kudzi
Patrick Adjei
Leticia Grize
Michael Käser
Publication date: 01-08-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-019-00743-0

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Peripheral neuropathy in patients with human immunodeficiency viral infection at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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