Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-02-2021 | Human Alphaherpesvirus 3 | Review Article

Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2020 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)

Authors: Maximilian Christopeit, Martin Schmidt-Hieber, Rosanne Sprute, Dieter Buchheidt, Marcus Hentrich, Meinolf Karthaus, Olaf Penack, Markus Ruhnke, Florian Weissinger, Oliver A. Cornely, Georg Maschmeyer

Published in: Annals of Hematology | Issue 2/2021

Abstract

To ensure the safety of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT), evidence-based recommendations on infectious complications after HDC/ASCT are given. This guideline not only focuses on patients with haematological malignancies but also addresses the specifics of HDC/ASCT patients with solid tumours or autoimmune disorders. In addition to HBV and HCV, HEV screening is nowadays mandatory prior to ASCT. For patients with HBs antigen and/or anti-HBc antibody positivity, HBV nucleic acid testing is strongly recommended for 6 months after HDC/ASCT or for the duration of a respective maintenance therapy. Prevention of VZV reactivation by vaccination is strongly recommended. Cotrimoxazole for the prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii is supported. Invasive fungal diseases are less frequent after HDC/ASCT, therefore, primary systemic antifungal prophylaxis is not recommended. Data do not support a benefit of protective room ventilation e.g. HEPA filtration. Thus, AGIHO only supports this technique with marginal strength. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis is recommended to prevent bacterial infections, although a survival advantage has not been demonstrated.

Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Hulin C, Leleu X, Caillot D, Escoffre M, Arnulf B, Macro M, Belhadj K, Garderet L, Roussel M, Payen C, Mathiot C, Fermand JP, Meuleman N, Rollet S, Maglio ME, Zeytoonjian AA, Weller EA, Munshi N, Anderson KC, Richardson PG, Facon T, Avet-Loiseau H, Harousseau JL, Moreau P, Study IFM (2017) Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with transplantation for myeloma. N Engl J Med 376(14):1311–1320. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1611750CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hermine O, Hoster E, Walewski J, Bosly A, Stilgenbauer S, Thieblemont C, Szymczyk M, Bouabdallah R, Kneba M, Hallek M, Salles G, Feugier P, Ribrag V, Birkmann J, Forstpointner R, Haioun C, Hanel M, Casasnovas RO, Finke J, Peter N, Bouabdallah K, Sebban C, Fischer T, Duhrsen U, Metzner B, Maschmeyer G, Kanz L, Schmidt C, Delarue R, Brousse N, Klapper W, Macintyre E, Delfau-Larue MH, Pott C, Hiddemann W, Unterhalt M, Dreyling M, European Mantle Cell Lymphoma N (2016) Addition of high-dose cytarabine to immunochemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients aged 65 years or younger with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL younger): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. Lancet 388(10044):565–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00739-XCrossRefPubMed

Jurinovic V, Metzner B, Pfreundschuh M, Schmitz N, Wandt H, Keller U, Dreger P, Dreyling M, Hiddemann W, Unterhalt M, Hoster E, Weigert O (2018) Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with early progression of follicular lymphoma: a follow-up study of 2 randomized trials from the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 24(6):1172–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.022CrossRefPubMed

Christopeit M, Labopin M, Gorin NC, Saraceni F, Passweg J, Forcade E, Maertens J, Van Lint MT, Bosi A, Niederwieser D, Ehninger G, Polge E, Mohty M, Nagler A (2018) Allogeneic stem cell transplantation following relapse post autologous stem cell transplantation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective analysis of 537 patients from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT. Am J Hematol 93(12):1532–1542. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25285CrossRefPubMed

Pagliaro LC (2017) Role of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in men with previously treated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 35(10):1036–1040. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.70.6523CrossRefPubMed

Muraro PA, Pasquini M, Atkins HL, Bowen JD, Farge D, Fassas A, Freedman MS, Georges GE, Gualandi F, Hamerschlak N, Havrdova E, Kimiskidis VK, Kozak T, Mancardi GL, Massacesi L, Moraes DA, Nash RA, Pavletic S, Ouyang J, Rovira M, Saiz A, Simoes B, Trneny M, Zhu L, Badoglio M, Zhong X, Sormani MP, Saccardi R, Multiple Sclerosis-Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Long-term Outcomes Study G (2017) Long-term outcomes after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurology 74(4):459–469. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5867CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sullivan KM, Goldmuntz EA, Keyes-Elstein L, McSweeney PA, Pinckney A, Welch B, Mayes MD, Nash RA, Crofford LJ, Eggleston B, Castina S, Griffith LM, Goldstein JS, Wallace D, Craciunescu O, Khanna D, Folz RJ, Goldin J, St Clair EW, Seibold JR, Phillips K, Mineishi S, Simms RW, Ballen K, Wener MH, Georges GE, Heimfeld S, Hosing C, Forman S, Kafaja S, Silver RM, Griffing L, Storek J, LeClercq S, Brasington R, Csuka ME, Bredeson C, Keever-Taylor C, Domsic RT, Kahaleh MB, Medsger T, Furst DE, Investigators SS (2018) Myeloablative autologous stem-cell transplantation for severe scleroderma. N Engl J Med 378(1):35–47. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1703327CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brierley CK, Castilla-Llorente C, Labopin M, Badoglio M, Rovira M, Ricart E, Dierickx D, Vermeire S, Hasselblatt P, Finke J, Onida F, Cassinotti A, Satsangi J, Kazmi M, Lopez-Sanroman A, Schmidt C, Farge D, Travis SPL, Hawkey CJ, Snowden JA, European Society for B, Marrow Transplantation Autoimmune Diseases Working P (2018) Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Crohn's disease: a retrospective survey of long-term outcomes from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. J Crohn's Colitis 12(9):1097–1103. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy069CrossRef

Passweg JR, Baldomero H, Chabannon C, Basak GW, Corbacioglu S, Duarte R, Dolstra H, Lankester AC, Mohty M, Montoto S, Peffault de Latour R, Snowden JA, Styczynski J, Yakoub-Agha I, Kroger N, European Society for B, Marrow T (2020) The EBMT activity survey on hematopoietic-cell transplantation and cellular therapy 2018: CAR-T’s come into focus. Bone Marrow Transplant 55(8):1604–1613. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-020-0826-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Signorelli J, Zimmer A, Liewer S, Shostrom VK, Freifeld A (2020) Incidence of febrile neutropenia in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients on levofloxacin prophylaxis. Transpl Infect Dis 22(2):e13225. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13225CrossRefPubMed

11.

Girmenia C, Bertaina A, Piciocchi A, Perruccio K, Algarotti A, Busca A, Cattaneo C, Raiola AM, Guidi S, Iori AP, Candoni A, Irrera G, Milone G, Marcacci G, Scime R, Musso M, Cudillo L, Sica S, Castagna L, Corradini P, Marchesi F, Pastore D, Alessandrino EP, Annaloro C, Ciceri F, Santarone S, Nassi L, Farina C, Viscoli C, Rossolini GM, Bonifazi F, Rambaldi A, Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo O, Associazione Microbiologi Clinici I (2017) Incidence, risk factors and outcome of pre-engraftment Gram-negative bacteremia after allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an Italian prospective multicenter survey. Clin Infect Dis 65(11):1884–1896. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix690CrossRefPubMed

12.

Averbuch D, Tridello G, Hoek J, Mikulska M, Akan H, Yanez San Segundo L, Pabst T, Ozcelik T, Klyasova G, Donnini I, Wu D, Gulbas Z, Zuckerman T, Botelho de Sousa A, Beguin Y, Xhaard A, Bachy E, Ljungman P, de la Camara R, Rascon J, Ruiz Camps I, Vitek A, Patriarca F, Cudillo L, Vrhovac R, Shaw PJ, Wolfs T, O'Brien T, Avni B, Silling G, Al Sabty F, Graphakos S, Sankelo M, Sengeloev H, Pillai S, Matthes S, Melanthiou F, Iacobelli S, Styczynski J, Engelhard D, Cesaro S (2017) Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative rods causing bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: intercontinental prospective study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Group. Clin Infect Dis 65(11):1819–1828. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix646CrossRefPubMed

13.

Marchesi F, Pimpinelli F, Di Domenico EG, Renzi D, Gallo MT, Regazzo G, Rizzo MG, Gumenyuk S, Toma L, Marino M, Cordone I, Cantonetti M, Liberati AM, Montanaro M, Ceribelli A, Prignano G, Palombi F, Romano A, Papa E, Pisani F, Spadea A, Arcese W, Ensoli F, Mengarelli A (2019) Association between CMV and invasive fungal infections after autologous stem cell transplant in lymphoproliferative malignancies: opportunistic partnership or cause-effect relationship? Int J Mol Sci 20(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061373

14.

Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, Alexander BD, Anaissie EJ, Walsh TJ, Ito J, Andes DR, Baddley JW, Brown JM, Brumble LM, Freifeld AG, Hadley S, Herwaldt LA, Kauffman CA, Knapp K, Lyon GM, Morrison VA, Papanicolaou G, Patterson TF, Perl TM, Schuster MG, Walker R, Wannemuehler KA, Wingard JR, Chiller TM, Pappas PG (2010) Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database. Clin Infect Dis 50(8):1091–1100. https://doi.org/10.1086/651263CrossRefPubMed

15.

Maschmeyer G, Hertenstein B, Glass B, Schiel X (1999) Interventional antimicrobial therapy for febrile complications after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Standard recommendations of the Work Group of Infections in Hematology and Oncology of the German Association of Hematology and Oncology. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 124(Suppl 1):S9–S13

16.

Bertz H, Auner HW, Weissinger F, Salwender HJ, Einsele H, Egerer G, Sandherr M, Schuttrumpf S, Sudhoff T, Maschmeyer G, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of H, Oncology (2003) Antimicrobial therapy of febrile complications after high-dose chemo−/radiotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation--guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 82 Suppl 2:S167–S174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-003-0771-5

17.

Weissinger F, Auner HW, Bertz H, Buchheidt D, Cornely OA, Egerer G, Heinz W, Karthaus M, Kiehl M, Kruger W, Penack O, Reuter S, Ruhnke M, Sandherr M, Salwender HJ, Ullmann AJ, Waldschmidt DT, Wolf HH (2012) Antimicrobial therapy of febrile complications after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation--guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 91(8):1161–1174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-012-1456-8CrossRefPubMed

18.

Heinz WJ, Buchheidt D, Christopeit M, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Cornely OA, Einsele H, Karthaus M, Link H, Mahlberg R, Neumann S, Ostermann H, Penack O, Ruhnke M, Sandherr M, Schiel X, Vehreschild JJ, Weissinger F, Maschmeyer G (2017) Diagnosis and empirical treatment of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in adult neutropenic patients: guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 96(11):1775–1792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-017-3098-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Penack O, Becker C, Buchheidt D, Christopeit M, Kiehl M, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Hentrich M, Reinwald M, Salwender H, Schalk E, Schmidt-Hieber M, Weber T, Ostermann H (2014) Management of sepsis in neutropenic patients: 2014 updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (AGIHO). Ann Hematol 93(7):1083–1095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-014-2086-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Ruhnke M, Behre G, Buchheidt D, Christopeit M, Hamprecht A, Heinz W, Heussel CP, Horger M, Kurzai O, Karthaus M, Loffler J, Maschmeyer G, Penack O, Rieger C, Rickerts V, Ritter J, Schmidt-Hieber M, Schuelper N, Schwartz S, Ullmann A, Vehreschild JJ, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Weber T, Wolf HH (2018) Diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in haematology and oncology: 2018 update of the recommendations of the infectious diseases Working Party of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (AGIHO). Mycoses 61(11):796–813. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12838CrossRefPubMed

21.

Ruhnke M, Cornely OA, Schmidt-Hieber M, Alakel N, Boell B, Buchheidt D, Christopeit M, Hasenkamp J, Heinz WJ, Hentrich M, Karthaus M, Koldehoff M, Maschmeyer G, Panse J, Penack O, Schleicher J, Teschner D, Ullmann AJ, Vehreschild M, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Weissinger F, Schwartz S (2020) Treatment of invasive fungal diseases in cancer patients - Revised 2019 Recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Mycoses 63(7):653–682. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13082CrossRefPubMed

22.

Maschmeyer G, Carratala J, Buchheidt D, Hamprecht A, Heussel CP, Kahl C, Lorenz J, Neumann S, Rieger C, Ruhnke M, Salwender H, Schmidt-Hieber M, Azoulay E (2015) Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of lung infiltrates in febrile neutropenic patients (allogeneic SCT excluded): updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Oncol 26(1):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu192CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Schmidt-Hieber M, Bierwirth J, Buchheidt D, Cornely OA, Hentrich M, Maschmeyer G, Schalk E, Vehreschild JJ, Vehreschild M, Group AW (2018) Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal complications in adult cancer patients: 2017 updated evidence-based guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Hematol 97(1):31–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-017-3183-7CrossRefPubMed

24.

Hentrich M, Schalk E, Schmidt-Hieber M, Chaberny I, Mousset S, Buchheidt D, Ruhnke M, Penack O, Salwender H, Wolf HH, Christopeit M, Neumann S, Maschmeyer G, Karthaus M, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of H, Medical O (2014) Central venous catheter-related infections in hematology and oncology: 2012 updated guidelines on diagnosis, management and prevention by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology. Ann Oncol 25(5):936–947. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt545CrossRefPubMed

25.

Schmidt-Hieber M, Silling G, Schalk E, Heinz W, Panse J, Penack O, Christopeit M, Buchheidt D, Meyding-Lamade U, Hahnel S, Wolf HH, Ruhnke M, Schwartz S, Maschmeyer G (2016) CNS infections in patients with hematological disorders (including allogeneic stem-cell transplantation) - Guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Oncol 27(7):1207–1225. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw155CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Ullmann AJ, Akova M, Herbrecht R, Viscoli C, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Bassetti M, Bille J, Calandra T, Castagnola E, Cornely OA, Donnelly JP, Garbino J, Groll AH, Hope WW, Jensen HE, Kullberg BJ, Lass-Florl C, Lortholary O, Meersseman W, Petrikkos G, Richardson MD, Roilides E, Verweij PE, Cuenca-Estrella M, Group EFIS (2012) ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Clin Microbiol Infect 18(Suppl 7):53–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12041CrossRefPubMed

27.

Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, Chen SCA, Dannaoui E, Hochhegger B, Hoenigl M, Jensen HE, Lagrou K, Lewis RE, Mellinghoff SC, Mer M, Pana ZD, Seidel D, Sheppard DC, Wahba R, Akova M, Alanio A, Al-Hatmi AMS, Arikan-Akdagli S, Badali H, Ben-Ami R, Bonifaz A, Bretagne S, Castagnola E, Chayakulkeeree M, Colombo AL, Corzo-Leon DE, Drgona L, Groll AH, Guinea J, Heussel CP, Ibrahim AS, Kanj SS, Klimko N, Lackner M, Lamoth F, Lanternier F, Lass-Floerl C, Lee DG, Lehrnbecher T, Lmimouni BE, Mares M, Maschmeyer G, Meis JF, Meletiadis J, Morrissey CO, Nucci M, Oladele R, Pagano L, Pasqualotto A, Patel A, Racil Z, Richardson M, Roilides E, Ruhnke M, Seyedmousavi S, Sidharthan N, Singh N, Sinko J, Skiada A, Slavin M, Soman R, Spellberg B, Steinbach W, Tan BH, Ullmann AJ, Vehreschild JJ, Vehreschild M, Walsh TJ, White PL, Wiederhold NP, Zaoutis T, Chakrabarti A, Mucormycosis EMSGGGWG (2019) Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis 19(12):e405–e421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30312-3CrossRefPubMed

28.

Bodey GP (1966) Infectious complications of acute leukemia. Medical Times 94(9):1076–1085PubMed

29.

Roussel M, Moreau P, Huynh A, Mary JY, Danho C, Caillot D, Hulin C, Fruchart C, Marit G, Pegourie B, Lenain P, Araujo C, Kolb B, Randriamalala E, Royer B, Stoppa AM, Dib M, Dorvaux V, Garderet L, Mathiot C, Avet-Loiseau H, Harousseau JL, Attal M, Intergroupe Francophone d M (2010) Bortezomib and high-dose melphalan as conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with de novo multiple myeloma: a phase 2 study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM). Blood 115(1):32–37. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-06-229658CrossRefPubMed

30.

Atkins HL, Bowman M, Allan D, Anstee G, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Bence-Bruckler I, Birch P, Bredeson C, Chen J, Fergusson D, Halpenny M, Hamelin L, Huebsch L, Hutton B, Laneuville P, Lapierre Y, Lee H, Martin L, McDiarmid S, O'Connor P, Ramsay T, Sabloff M, Walker L, Freedman MS (2016) Immunoablation and autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: a multicentre single-group phase 2 trial. Lancet 388(10044):576–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6CrossRefPubMed

31.

Muraro PA, Robins H, Malhotra S, Howell M, Phippard D, Desmarais C, de Paula Alves Sousa A, Griffith LM, Lim N, Nash RA, Turka LA (2014) T cell repertoire following autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 124 (3):1168–1172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI71691

32.

Darlington PJ, Stopnicki B, Touil T, Doucet JS, Fawaz L, Roberts ME, Boivin MN, Arbour N, Freedman MS, Atkins HL, Bar-Or A (2018) Natural killer cells regulate Th17 cells after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 9:834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00834CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Mancardi GL, Sormani MP, Gualandi F, Saiz A, Carreras E, Merelli E, Donelli A, Lugaresi A, Di Bartolomeo P, Rottoli MR, Rambaldi A, Amato MP, Massacesi L, Di Gioia M, Vuolo L, Curro D, Roccatagliata L, Filippi M, Aguglia U, Iacopino P, Farge D, Saccardi R, Astims Haemato-Neurological Collaborative Group ObotADWPotEGfB, Marrow T, Blood AH-NCGObotADWPAotEGf, Marrow Transplantation E (2015) Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: a phase II trial. Neurology 84(10):981–988. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001329CrossRefPubMed

34.

van Laar JM, Farge D, Sont JK, Naraghi K, Marjanovic Z, Larghero J, Schuerwegh AJ, Marijt EW, Vonk MC, Schattenberg AV, Matucci-Cerinic M, Voskuyl AE, van de Loosdrecht AA, Daikeler T, Kotter I, Schmalzing M, Martin T, Lioure B, Weiner SM, Kreuter A, Deligny C, Durand JM, Emery P, Machold KP, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Warnatz K, Adoue DF, Constans J, Tony HP, Del Papa N, Fassas A, Himsel A, Launay D, Lo Monaco A, Philippe P, Quere I, Rich E, Westhovens R, Griffiths B, Saccardi R, van den Hoogen FH, Fibbe WE, Socie G, Gratwohl A, Tyndall A, Group EESS (2014) Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc 311(24):2490–2498. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.6368CrossRef

35.

Veeraputhiran M, Jain T, Deol A, Ayash L, Kim S, Dyson G, Bhutani D, Lum LG, Ratanatharathorn V, Uberti JP, Abidi MH (2015) BEAM conditioning regimen has higher toxicity compared with high-dose melphalan for salvage autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 15(9):531–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clml.2015.05.008CrossRefPubMed

36.

Ghazal SS, Stevens MP, Bearman GM, Edmond MB (2014) Utility of surveillance blood cultures in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 3:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-3-20CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Nesher L, Chemaly RF, Shah DP, Mulanovich VE, Hosing C, Rolston KV (2014) Utility of routine surveillance blood cultures in asymptomatic allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with indwelling central venous catheters at a comprehensive cancer center. Am J Infect Control 42(10):1084–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.07.004CrossRefPubMed

38.

Metan G, Koc AN, Kaynar LG, Atalay A, Ozturk A, Eser B, Cetin M (2013) What is the role of the (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan assay in the screening of patients undergoing autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation? Mycoses 56(1):34–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02195.xCrossRefPubMed

39.

Pischke S, Hiller J, Lutgehetmann M, Polywka S, Rybczynski M, Ayuk F, Lohse AW (2016) Blood-borne hepatitis E virus transmission: a relevant risk for immunosuppressed patients. Clin Infect Dis 63(4):569–570. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw309CrossRefPubMed

40.

Richtlinie zur Herstellung und Anwendung von hämatopoetischen Stammzellzubereitungen – Erste Fortschreibung (2019). Dtsch Arztebl. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.rl_haematop_sz02

41.

Chen CY, Huang SY, Cheng A, Chou WC, Yao M, Tang JL, Tsay W, Sheng WH, Tien HF (2015) High risk of hepatitis B reactivation among patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 10(5):e0126037. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126037CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Jun CH, Kim BS, Oak CY, Lee DH, Cho E, Cho SB, Choi SK, Park CH, Joo YE, Lee JJ, Kim HJ (2017) HBV reactivation risk factors in patients with chronic HBV infection with low replicative state and resolved HBV infection undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Korea. Hepatol Int 11(1):87–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-016-9747-0CrossRefPubMed

43.

Kim HY, Yoo JJ, Oh S, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Kim W, Jung YJ, Kim BH, Kim CM, Park JW, Lee JH (2018) Scoring system for risk stratification of viral reactivation during prophylactic antiviral treatment in Korean patients with hepatitis B undergoing anticancer chemotherapy: a multicenter study. J Med Virol 90(10):1593–1603. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25241CrossRefPubMed

44.

Kusumoto S, Tanaka Y, Suzuki R, Watanabe T, Nakata M, Takasaki H, Fukushima N, Fukushima T, Moriuchi Y, Itoh K, Nosaka K, Choi I, Sawa M, Okamoto R, Tsujimura H, Uchida T, Suzuki S, Okamoto M, Takahashi T, Sugiura I, Onishi Y, Kohri M, Yoshida S, Sakai R, Kojima M, Takahashi H, Tomita A, Maruyama D, Atsuta Y, Tanaka E, Suzuki T, Kinoshita T, Ogura M, Mizokami M, Ueda R (2015) Monitoring of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and risk of HBV reactivation in B-cell lymphoma: a prospective observational study. Clin Infect Dis 61(5):719–729. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ344CrossRefPubMed

45.

Lv JW, Chen YP, Huang XD, Zhou GQ, Chen L, Li WF, Tang LL, Mao YP, Guo Y, Xu RH, Ma J, Sun Y (2017) Hepatitis B virus screening and reactivation and management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a large-scale, big-data intelligence platform-based analysis from an endemic area. Cancer 123(18):3540–3549. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30775CrossRefPubMed

46.

von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Berger A, Christopeit M, Hentrich M, Heussel CP, Kalkreuth J, Klein M, Kochanek M, Penack O, Hauf E, Rieger C, Silling G, Vehreschild M, Weber T, Wolf HH, Lehners N, Schalk E, Mayer K (2016) Community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients-guideline on diagnosis and management by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology. Eur J Cancer 67:200–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.08.015CrossRef

47.

von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Vehreschild JJ, Cornely O, Pagano L, Compagno F, Group EHAIDSW, Hirsch HH (2020) Frequently asked questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients-recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with malignant diseases. Leukemia 34 (6):1487–Group EHA1494. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0832-y

48.

Lee A, Mirrett S, Reller LB, Weinstein MP (2007) Detection of bloodstream infections in adults: how many blood cultures are needed? J Clin Microbiol 45(11):3546–3548. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01555-07CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Cockerill FR 3rd, Wilson JW, Vetter EA, Goodman KM, Torgerson CA, Harmsen WS, Schleck CD, Ilstrup DM, Washington JA 2nd, Wilson WR (2004) Optimal testing parameters for blood cultures. Clin Infect Dis 38(12):1724–1730. https://doi.org/10.1086/421087CrossRefPubMed

50.

Guembe M, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Perez-Parra A, Martin-Rabadan P, Bouza E (2010) How many lumens should be cultured in the conservative diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections? Clin Infect Dis 50(12):1575–1579. https://doi.org/10.1086/652766CrossRefPubMed

51.

Seifert H, Cornely O, Seggewiss K, Decker M, Stefanik D, Wisplinghoff H, Fatkenheuer G (2003) Bloodstream infection in neutropenic cancer patients related to short-term nontunnelled catheters determined by quantitative blood cultures, differential time to positivity, and molecular epidemiological typing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 41(1):118–123. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.1.118-123.2003CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Blot F, Nitenberg G, Chachaty E, Raynard B, Germann N, Antoun S, Laplanche A, Brun-Buisson C, Tancrede C (1999) Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures. Lancet 354(9184):1071–1077. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11134-0CrossRefPubMed

53.

Park KH, Lee MS, Lee SO, Choi SH, Sung H, Kim MN, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH (2014) Diagnostic usefulness of differential time to positivity for catheter-related candidemia. J Clin Microbiol 52(7):2566–2572. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00605-14CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

54.

Kaasch AJ, Rieg S, Hellmich M, Kern WV, Seifert H (2014) Differential time to positivity is not predictive for central line-related Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection in routine clinical care. J Inf Secur 68(1):58–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2013.08.006CrossRef

55.

Bouzidi H, Emirian A, Marty A, Chachaty E, Laplanche A, Gachot B, Blot F (2018) Differential time to positivity of central and peripheral blood cultures is inaccurate for the diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus long-term catheter-related sepsis. J Hosp Infect 99(2):192–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.010CrossRefPubMed

56.

Patsios D, Maimon N, Chung T, Roberts H, Disperati P, Minden M, Paul N (2010) Chest low-dose computed tomography in neutropenic acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Respir Med 104(4):600–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2009.11.003CrossRefPubMed

57.

Gerritsen MG, Willemink MJ, Pompe E, van der Bruggen T, van Rhenen A, Lammers JW, Wessels F, Sprengers RW, de Jong PA, Minnema MC (2017) Improving early diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with febrile neutropenia using low-dose chest computed tomography. PLoS One 12(2):e0172256. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172256CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

Bucaneve G, Micozzi A, Menichetti F, Martino P, Dionisi MS, Martinelli G, Allione B, D'Antonio D, Buelli M, Nosari AM, Cilloni D, Zuffa E, Cantaffa R, Specchia G, Amadori S, Fabbiano F, Deliliers GL, Lauria F, Foa R, Del Favero A, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Infection P (2005) Levofloxacin to prevent bacterial infection in patients with cancer and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 353(10):977–987. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa044097CrossRefPubMed

59.

Fluoroquinolone and quinolone antibiotics: PRAC recommends restrictions on use. (2018). European Medicines Agency EMA/668915/2018

60.

Bow EJ (2011) Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial resistance and neutropenic cancer patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 24(6):545–553. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834cf054CrossRefPubMed

61.

Mullane KM, Winston DJ, Nooka A, Morris MI, Stiff P, Dugan MJ, Holland H, Gregg K, Adachi JA, Pergam SA, Alexander BD, Dubberke ER, Broyde N, Gorbach SL, Sears PS (2019) A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fidaxomicin for prophylaxis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 68(2):196–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy484CrossRefPubMed

62.

Rotstein C, Bow EJ, Laverdiere M, Ioannou S, Carr D, Moghaddam N (1999) Randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole prophylaxis for neutropenic cancer patients: benefit based on purpose and intensity of cytotoxic therapy. The Canadian Fluconazole Prophylaxis Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 28(2):331–340. https://doi.org/10.1086/515128CrossRefPubMed

63.

van Burik JA, Ratanatharathorn V, Stepan DE, Miller CB, Lipton JH, Vesole DH, Bunin N, Wall DA, Hiemenz JW, Satoi Y, Lee JM, Walsh TJ, National Institute of A, Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study G (2004) Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections during neutropenia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 39(10):1407–1416. https://doi.org/10.1086/422312CrossRefPubMed

64.

Hicheri Y, Einsele H, Martino R, Cesaro S, Ljungman P, Cordonnier C (2013) Environmental prevention of infection in stem cell transplant recipients: a survey of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 15(3):251–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.12064CrossRefPubMed

65.

Vokurka S, Bystricka E, Svoboda T, Skoda Gorican IK, Sever M, Mazur E, Kopinska A, Pavlicova V, Mocanu O, Tanase A, Ghelase R, Zitkova M, Labudikova M, Raida L, Hrabankova-Navratilova D, Bockova J (2014) The availability of HEPA-filtered rooms and the incidence of pneumonia in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): results from a prospective, multicentre, eastern European study. J Clin Nurs 23(11–12):1648–1652. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12286CrossRefPubMed

66.

Stern A, Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L (2014) Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD005590. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005590.pub3CrossRef

67.

Bastidas A, de la Serna J, El Idrissi M, Oostvogels L, Quittet P, Lopez-Jimenez J, Vural F, Pohlreich D, Zuckerman T, Issa NC, Gaidano G, Lee JJ, Abhyankar S, Solano C, Perez de Oteyza J, Satlin MJ, Schwartz S, Campins M, Rocci A, Vallejo Llamas C, Lee DG, Tan SM, Johnston AM, Grigg A, Boeckh MJ, Campora L, Lopez-Fauqued M, Heineman TC, Stadtmauer EA, Sullivan KM, Collaborators Z-HSG (2019) Effect of recombinant zoster vaccine on incidence of herpes zoster after autologous stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc 322(2):123–133. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.9053CrossRef

68.

Curran D, Matthews S, Rowley SD, Young JH, Bastidas A, Anagnostopoulos A, Barista I, Chandrasekar PH, Dickinson M, El Idrissi M, Heras I, Milliken ST, Monserrat Coll J, Navarro Matilla MB, Oostvogels L, Piatkowska-Jakubas B, Quiel D, Sabry W, Schwartz S, Selleslag DLD, Sullivan KM, Theunissen K, Yegin ZA, Yeh SP, Zaja F, Szer J, Z-HSg c (2019) Recombinant zoster vaccine significantly reduces the impact on quality of life caused by herpes zoster in adult autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (ZOE-HSCT). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 25(12):2474–2481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.07.036CrossRefPubMed

69.

Winston DJ, Mullane KM, Cornely OA, Boeckh MJ, Brown JW, Pergam SA, Trociukas I, Zak P, Craig MD, Papanicolaou GA, Velez JD, Panse J, Hurtado K, Fernsler DA, Stek JE, Pang L, Su SC, Zhao Y, Chan ISF, Kaplan SS, Parrino J, Lee I, Popmihajlov Z, Annunziato PW, Arvin A, Team VPT (2018) Inactivated varicella zoster vaccine in autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients: an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 391(10135):2116–2127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30631-7CrossRefPubMed

70.

Kawamura K, Hayakawa J, Akahoshi Y, Harada N, Nakano H, Kameda K, Ugai T, Wada H, Yamasaki R, Ishihara Y, Sakamoto K, Ashizawa M, Sato M, Terasako-Saito K, Kimura S, Kikuchi M, Nakasone H, Yamazaki R, Kanda J, Kako S, Tanihara A, Nishida J, Kanda Y (2015) Low-dose acyclovir prophylaxis for the prevention of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus diseases after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol 102(2):230–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-015-1810-4CrossRefPubMed

71.

McDonald EM, de Kock J, Ram FS (2012) Antivirals for management of herpes zoster including ophthalmicus: a systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Antivir Ther 17(2):255–264. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2011CrossRefPubMed

72.

Lin PC, Lee MY, Lin JT, Hsiao LT, Chen PM, Chiou TJ (2008) Virus reactivation in high-risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after autologous CD34+-selected peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Int J Hematol 87(4):434–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-008-0053-zCrossRefPubMed

73.

Jain T, John J, Kotecha A, Deol A, Saliminia T, Revankar S, Chandrasekar P (2016) Cytomegalovirus infection in autologous stem cell transplant recipients in the era of rituximab. Ann Hematol 95(8):1323–1327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-016-2700-4CrossRefPubMed

74.

Mengarelli A, Annibali O, Pimpinelli F, Riva E, Gumenyuk S, Renzi D, Cerchiara E, Piccioni L, Palombi F, Pisani F, Romano A, Spadea A, Papa E, Cordone I, Canfora M, Arcese W, Ensoli F, Marchesi F (2016) Prospective surveillance vs clinically driven approach for CMV reactivation after autologous stem cell transplant. J Infect 72(2):265–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.11.005CrossRefPubMed

75.

Balsat M, Pillet S, Tavernier E, Cacheux V, Escuret V, Molucon-Chabrot C, Augeul-Meunier K, Mirand A, Regagnon C, Tinquaut F, Bousser V, Oriol M, Guyotat D, Salles G, Bay JO, Pozzetto B, Cornillon J (2019) Human herpesvirus 6 infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: a multicenter prospective study in adult patients. J Infect 79(1):36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2019.05.001CrossRefPubMed

76.

Inazawa N, Hori T, Nojima M, Saito M, Igarashi K, Yamamoto M, Shimizu N, Yoto Y, Tsutsumi H (2017) Virus reactivations after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation detected by multiplex PCR assay. J Med Virol 89(2):358–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24621CrossRefPubMed

77.

Mehra V, Rhone E, Widya S, Zuckerman M, Potter V, Raj K, Kulasekararaj A, McLornan D, de Lavallade H, Benson-Quarm N, Lim C, Ware S, Sudhanva M, Malik O, Nicholas R, Muraro PA, Marsh J, Mufti GJ, Silber E, Pagliuca A, Kazmi MA (2019) Epstein-Barr virus and monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance in autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. Clin Infect Dis 69 (10):1757–1763. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz047

78.

EASL 2017 Clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection (2017) J Hepatol 67(2):370–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.021CrossRef

79.

Tenney DJ, Rose RE, Baldick CJ, Pokornowski KA, Eggers BJ, Fang J, Wichroski MJ, Xu D, Yang J, Wilber RB, Colonno RJ (2009) Long-term monitoring shows hepatitis B virus resistance to entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients is rare through 5 years of therapy. Hepatology 49(5):1503–1514. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22841CrossRefPubMed

80.

Jenh AM, Thio CL, Pham PA (2009) Tenofovir for the treatment of hepatitis B virus. Pharmacotherapy 29(10):1212–1227. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.29.10.1212CrossRefPubMed

81.

Choi J, Lim YS (2017) Characteristics, prevention, and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV-infected patients who require immunosuppressive therapy. J Infect Dis 216(suppl_8):S778–S784. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix178CrossRefPubMed

82.

Rieger CT, Liss B, Mellinghoff S, Buchheidt D, Cornely OA, Egerer G, Heinz WJ, Hentrich M, Maschmeyer G, Mayer K, Sandherr M, Silling G, Ullmann A, Vehreschild M, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Wolf HH, Lehners N, German Society of H, Medical Oncology Infectious Diseases Working G (2018) Anti-infective vaccination strategies in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors-Guideline of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO). Ann Oncol 29(6):1354–1365. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy117CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

83.

Laws HJ, Baumann U, Bogdan C, Burchard G, Christopeit M, Hecht J, Heininger U, Hilgendorf I, Kern W, Kling K, Kobbe G, Kulper W, Lehrnbecher T, Meisel R, Simon A, Ullmann A, de Wit M, Zepp F (2020). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 63 (5):588–644. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03123-w

84.

Bucaneve G, Micozzi A, Picardi M, Ballanti S, Cascavilla N, Salutari P, Specchia G, Fanci R, Luppi M, Cudillo L, Cantaffa R, Milone G, Bocchia M, Martinelli G, Offidani M, Chierichini A, Fabbiano F, Quarta G, Primon V, Martino B, Manna A, Zuffa E, Ferrari A, Gentile G, Foa R, Del Favero A (2014) Results of a multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline in high-risk hematologic patients with cancer with febrile neutropenia. J Clin Oncol 32(14):1463–1471. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.51.6963CrossRefPubMed

85.

Toya T, Nannya Y, Narukawa K, Ichikawa M, Kurokawa M (2012) A comparative analysis of meropenem and doripenem in febrile patients with hematologic malignancies: a single-center retrospective study. Jpn J Infect Dis 65(3):228–232. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.65.228CrossRefPubMed

86.

Hachem R, Reitzel R, Rolston K, Chaftari AM, Raad I (2017) Antimicrobial activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents against clinical bacteria isolated from patients with cancer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(4):e02106–e02116. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02106-16CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

87.

Aitken SL, Kontoyiannis DP, DePombo AM, Bhatti MM, Tverdek FP, Gettys SC, Nicolau DP, Nunez CA (2016) Use of ceftolozane/tazobactam in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection in a pediatric leukemia patient. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35(9):1040–1042. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001228CrossRefPubMed

88.

Nakane T, Tamura K, Hino M, Tamaki T, Yoshida I, Fukushima T, Tatsumi Y, Nakagawa Y, Hatanaka K, Takahashi T, Akiyama N, Tanimoto M, Ohyashiki K, Urabe A, Masaoka T, Kanamaru A, Japan Febrile Neutropenia Study G (2015) Cefozopran, meropenem, or imipenem-cilastatin compared with cefepime as empirical therapy in febrile neutropenic adult patients: a multicenter prospective randomized trial. J Infect Chemother 21(1):16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2014.08.026CrossRefPubMed

89.

Vardakas KZ, Samonis G, Chrysanthopoulou SA, Bliziotis IA, Falagas ME (2005) Role of glycopeptides as part of initial empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 5(7):431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70164-XCrossRefPubMed

90.

Lisboa LF, Miranda BG, Vieira MB, Dulley FL, Fonseca GG, Guimaraes T, Levin AS, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Costa SF (2015) Empiric use of linezolid in febrile hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Int J Infect Dis 33:171–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.001CrossRefPubMed

91.

Kamboj M, Cohen N, Huang YT, Kerpelev M, Jakubowski A, Sepkowitz KA, Papanicolaou GA, Seo SK (2019) Impact of empiric treatment for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in colonized patients early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 25(3):594–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.11.008CrossRefPubMed

92.

Del Favero A, Menichetti F, Martino P, Bucaneve G, Micozzi A, Gentile G, Furno P, Russo D, D'Antonio D, Ricci P, Martino B, Mandelli F, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Infection P (2001) A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing piperacillin-tazobactam with and without amikacin as empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis 33 (8):1295–1301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/322646

93.

Furno P, Bucaneve G, Del Favero A (2002) Monotherapy or aminoglycoside-containing combinations for empirical antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenic patients: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2(4):231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00241-4CrossRefPubMed

94.

Paul M, Dickstein Y, Schlesinger A, Grozinsky-Glasberg S, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L (2013) Beta-lactam versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in cancer patients with neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013(6):CD003038. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003038.pub2CrossRefPubMedCentral

95.

Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, Boeckh MJ, Ito JI, Mullen CA, Raad RKV II, Young JA, Wingard JR, Infectious Diseases Society of A (2011) Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis 52(4):e56–e93. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir073CrossRefPubMed

96.

Cometta A, Kern WV, De Bock R, Paesmans M, Vandenbergh M, Crokaert F, Engelhard D, Marchetti O, Akan H, Skoutelis A, Korten V, Vandercam M, Gaya H, Padmos A, Klastersky J, Zinner S, Glauser MP, Calandra T, Viscoli C, International Antimicrobial Therapy Group of the European Organization for Research Treatment of C (2003) Vancomycin versus placebo for treating persistent fever in patients with neutropenic cancer receiving piperacillin-tazobactam monotherapy. Clin Infect Dis 37(3):382–389. https://doi.org/10.1086/376637CrossRefPubMed

97.

Cordonnier C, Pautas C, Maury S, Vekhoff A, Farhat H, Suarez F, Dhedin N, Isnard F, Ades L, Kuhnowski F, Foulet F, Kuentz M, Maison P, Bretagne S, Schwarzinger M (2009) Empirical versus preemptive antifungal therapy for high-risk, febrile, neutropenic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 48(8):1042–1051. https://doi.org/10.1086/597395CrossRefPubMed

98.

Fung M, Kim J, Marty FM, Schwarzinger M, Koo S (2015) Meta-analysis and cost comparison of empirical versus pre-emptive antifungal strategies in hematologic malignancy patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia. PLoS One 10(11):e0140930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140930CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

99.

Maertens J, Theunissen K, Verhoef G, Verschakelen J, Lagrou K, Verbeken E, Wilmer A, Verhaegen J, Boogaerts M, Van Eldere J (2005) Galactomannan and computed tomography-based preemptive antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients at high risk for invasive fungal infection: a prospective feasibility study. Clin Infect Dis 41 (9):1242–1250. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/496927

100.

von Felden J, Alric L, Pischke S, Aitken C, Schlabe S, Spengler U, Giordani MT, Schnitzler P, Bettinger D, Thimme R, Xhaard A, Binder M, Ayuk F, Lohse AW, Cornelissen JJ, de Man RA, Mallet V (2019) The burden of hepatitis E among patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective European cohort study. J Hepatol 71(3):465–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.022CrossRef

101.

Furfaro E, Nicolini L, Della Vecchia A, Di Grazia C, Raiola AM, Varaldo R, Ferrando F, Barisione G, Bruzzone B, Angelucci E, Viscoli C, Mikulska M (2020) Hepatitis E virus infection in an Italian cohort of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: seroprevalence and infection. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 26 (7):1355–1362. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.03.012

102.

Marchesi F, Pimpinelli F, Ensoli F, Mengarelli A (2018) Cytomegalovirus infection in hematologic malignancy settings other than the allogeneic transplant. Hematol Oncol 36(2):381–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.2453CrossRefPubMed

103.

Kaya AH, Tekgunduz E, Akpinar S, Batgi H, Bekdemir F, Kayikci O, Namdaroglu S, Ulu BU, Dal MS, Cakar MK, Korkmaz S, Altuntas F (2017) Is cytomegalovirus surveillance necessary for patients with low reactivation risk in an autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation setting? Transplant Proc 49(8):1911–1915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.05.007CrossRefPubMed

104.

Massoud R, Assi R, Fares E, Haffar B, Charafeddine M, Kreidieh N, Mahfouz R, Kanj SS, El Zakhem A, Kharfan-Dabaja M, Bazarbachi A, El Cheikh J (2017) Cytomegalovirus reactivation in lymphoma and myeloma patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. J Clin Virol 95:36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2017.08.006CrossRefPubMed

105.

Piukovics K, Terhes G, Gurbity-Palfi T, Bereczki A, Rarosi F, Deak J, Borbenyi Z, Urban E (2017) Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with haematological diseases and after autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation: a single-centre study. Ann Hematol 96(1):125–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-016-2831-7CrossRefPubMed

106.

Chiusolo P, Metafuni E, Cattani P, Piccirillo N, Santangelo R, Manzara S, Bellesi S, De Michele T, Leone G, Sica S (2010) Prospective evaluation of epstein-barr virus reactivation after stem cell transplantation: association with monoclonal gammopathy. J Clin Immunol 30(6):894–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-010-9454-xCrossRefPubMed

107.

Piukovics K, Borbenyi Z, Rajda C, Csomor A, Deak J, Terhes G (2014) Monitoring human herpesvirus-6 in patients with autologous stem cell transplantation. Vivo 28(6):1113–1117

108.

Duarte RF, Sanchez-Ortega I, Cuesta I, Arnan M, Patino B, Fernandez de Sevilla A, Gudiol C, Ayats J, Cuenca-Estrella M (2014) Serum galactomannan-based early detection of invasive aspergillosis in hematology patients receiving effective antimold prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 59(12):1696–1702. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu673CrossRefPubMed

109.

Hammarstrom H, Kondori N, Friman V, Wenneras C (2015) How to interpret serum levels of beta-glucan for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in adult high-risk hematology patients: optimal cut-off levels and confounding factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34(5):917–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2302-9CrossRefPubMed

110.

Cornely OA, Leguay T, Maertens J, Vehreschild M, Anagnostopoulos A, Castagnola C, Verga L, Rieger C, Kondakci M, Harter G, Duarte RF, Allione B, Cordonnier C, Heussel CP, Morrissey CO, Agrawal SG, Donnelly JP, Bresnik M, Hawkins MJ, Garner W, Gokbuget N, AmBiGuard Study G (2017) Randomized comparison of liposomal amphotericin B versus placebo to prevent invasive mycoses in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 72(8):2359–2367. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx133CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

111.

Bouza E, Alvarado N, Alcala L, Perez MJ, Rincon C, Munoz P (2007) A randomized and prospective study of 3 procedures for the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection without catheter withdrawal. Clin Infect Dis 44(6):820–826. https://doi.org/10.1086/511865CrossRefPubMed

112.

Planes AM, Calleja R, Bernet A, Campins-Marti M, Almirante B, Pumarola T, Fernandez-Hidalgo N (2016) Evaluation of the usefulness of a quantitative blood culture in the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection: comparative analysis of two periods (2002 and 2012). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 34(8):484–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2015.11.007CrossRefPubMed

113.

Herrera-Guerra AS, Garza-Gonzalez E, Martinez-Resendez MF, Llaca-Diaz JM, Camacho-Ortiz A (2015) Individual versus pooled multiple-lumen blood cultures for the diagnosis of intravascular catheter-related infections. Am J Infect Control 43(7):715–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.028CrossRefPubMed

114.

Marchesi F, Cattaneo C, Criscuolo M, Delia M, Dargenio M, Del Principe MI, Spadea A, Fracchiolla NS, Melillo L, Perruccio K, Alati C, Russo D, Garzia M, Brociner M, Cefalo M, Armiento D, Cesaro S, Decembrino N, Mengarelli A, Tumbarello M, Busca A, Pagano L, Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie G (2019) A bronchoalveolar lavage-driven antimicrobial treatment improves survival in hematologic malignancy patients with detected lung infiltrates: a prospective multicenter study of the SEIFEM group American Journal of Hematology 94 (10):1104–1112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25585

115.

Goodman JL, Winston DJ, Greenfield RA, Chandrasekar PH, Fox B, Kaizer H, Shadduck RK, Shea TC, Stiff P, Friedman DJ et al (1992) A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 326(13):845–851. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199203263261301CrossRefPubMed

116.

Cornely OA, Hoenigl M, Lass-Florl C, Chen SC, Kontoyiannis DP, Morrissey CO, Thompson GR 3rd, Mycoses Study Group E, Research C, the European Confederation of Medical M (2019) Defining breakthrough invasive fungal infection-position paper of the mycoses study group education and research consortium and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. Mycoses 62(9):716–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12960CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

117.

Sun Y, Meng F, Han M, Zhang X, Yu L, Huang H, Wu D, Ren H, Wang C, Shen Z, Ji Y, Huang X (2015) Epidemiology, management, and outcome of invasive fungal disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in China: a multicenter prospective observational study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21(6):1117–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.03.018CrossRefPubMed

118.

Dadd G, McMinn P, Monterosso L (2003) Protective isolation in hemopoietic stem cell transplants: a review of the literature and single institution experience. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 20(6):293–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043454203254985CrossRefPubMed

119.

Glenny AM, Fernandez Mauleffinch LM, Pavitt S, Walsh T (2009) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD006706. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006706.pub2CrossRef

120.

Dagnew AF, Ilhan O, Lee WS, Woszczyk D, Kwak JY, Bowcock S, Sohn SK, Rodriguez Macias G, Chiou TJ, Quiel D, Aoun M, Navarro Matilla MB, de la Serna J, Milliken S, Murphy J, McNeil SA, Salaun B, Di Paolo E, Campora L, Lopez-Fauqued M, El Idrissi M, Schuind A, Heineman TC, Van den Steen P, Oostvogels L, Zoster-039 s g (2019) Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with haematological malignancies: a phase 3, randomised, clinical trial and post-hoc efficacy analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 19(9):988–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30163-X

121.

Sahoo F, Hill JA, Xie H, Leisenring W, Yi J, Goyal S, Kimball LE, Lee I, Seo S, Davis C, Pergam SA, Flowers ME, Liaw KL, Holmberg L, Boeckh M (2017) Herpes zoster in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant recipients in the era of acyclovir or valacyclovir prophylaxis and novel treatment and maintenance therapies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 23(3):505–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.12.620CrossRefPubMed

122.

Seo HM, Kim YS, Bang CH, Lee JH, Lee JY, Lee DG, Park YM (2017) Antiviral prophylaxis for preventing herpes zoster in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antivir Res 140:106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.011CrossRefPubMed

123.

Crippa F, Holmberg L, Carter RA, Hooper H, Marr KA, Bensinger W, Chauncey T, Corey L, Boeckh M (2002) Infectious complications after autologous CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 8(5):281–289. https://doi.org/10.1053/bbmt.2002.v8.pm12064366CrossRefPubMed

124.

Boeckh M, Gooley TA, Reusser P, Buckner CD, Bowden RA (1995) Failure of high-dose acyclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus disease after autologous marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 172(4):939–943. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/172.4.939CrossRefPubMed

125.

Huang YH, Hsiao LT, Hong YC, Chiou TJ, Yu YB, Gau JP, Liu CY, Yang MH, Tzeng CH, Lee PC, Lin HC, Lee SD (2013) Randomized controlled trial of entecavir prophylaxis for rituximab-associated hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with lymphoma and resolved hepatitis B. J Clin Oncol 31(22):2765–2772. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.5938CrossRefPubMed

126.

Lau GK, Yiu HH, Fong DY, Cheng HC, Au WY, Lai LS, Cheung M, Zhang HY, Lie A, Ngan R, Liang R (2003) Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 125(6):1742–1749. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2003.09.026CrossRefPubMed

127.

Reich G, Cornely OA, Sandherr M, Kubin T, Krause S, Einsele H, Thiel E, Bellaire T, Dorken B, Maschmeyer G (2005) Empirical antimicrobial monotherapy in patients after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation: a randomised, multicentre trial. Br J Haematol 130(2):265–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05608.xCrossRefPubMed

128.

Horita N, Shibata Y, Watanabe H, Namkoong H, Kaneko T (2017) Comparison of antipseudomonal beta-lactams for febrile neutropenia empiric therapy: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 23(10):723–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.024CrossRefPubMed

129.

Harter C, Schulze B, Goldschmidt H, Benner A, Geiss HK, Hoppe-Tichy T, Ho AD, Egerer G (2006) Piperacillin/tazobactam vs ceftazidime in the treatment of neutropenic fever in patients with acute leukemia or following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 37(4):373–379. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705256CrossRefPubMed

130.

Bow EJ, Rotstein C, Noskin GA, Laverdiere M, Schwarer AP, Segal BH, Seymour JF, Szer J, Sanche S (2006) A randomized, open-label, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime for the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic episodes in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin Infect Dis 43(4):447–459. https://doi.org/10.1086/505393CrossRefPubMed

131.

Maschmeyer G, Heinz WJ, Hertenstein B, Horst HA, Requadt C, Wagner T, Cornely OA, Loffler J, Ruhnke M, Is i (2013) Immediate versus deferred empirical antifungal (IDEA) therapy in high-risk patients with febrile neutropenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 32(5):679–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1794-4CrossRefPubMed

132.

Walsh TJ, Teppler H, Donowitz GR, Maertens JA, Baden LR, Dmoszynska A, Cornely OA, Bourque MR, Lupinacci RJ, Sable CA, dePauw BE (2004) Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 351(14):1391–1402. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040446CrossRefPubMed

133.

Walsh TJ, Finberg RW, Arndt C, Hiemenz J, Schwartz C, Bodensteiner D, Pappas P, Seibel N, Greenberg RN, Dummer S, Schuster M, Holcenberg JS (1999) Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 340(10):764–771. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199903113401004CrossRefPubMed

Title: Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of infections in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2020 update of the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)
Authors: Maximilian Christopeit
Martin Schmidt-Hieber
Rosanne Sprute
Dieter Buchheidt
Marcus Hentrich
Meinolf Karthaus
Olaf Penack
Markus Ruhnke
Florian Weissinger
Oliver A. Cornely
Georg Maschmeyer
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Human Alphaherpesvirus 3
Central Venous Catheter
Stem Cell Transplantation
Stem Cell Transplantion
Stem Cell Transplantation
Cytostatic Therapy
Published in: Annals of Hematology / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0939-5555
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0584
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-020-04297-8

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin

Prof. Florian Limbourg

Prof. Anoop Chauhan

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

Illustration of figure on mountain summit/© Orapun / Stock.adobe.com, STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2021

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia types Ib, II, and III: novel variants in the CDIN1 gene and functional study of a novel variant in the KIF23 gene

The role of novel agents for consolidation after autologous transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a systematic review

Prenatal diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: morphological findings in the product of conception

Risk of tumor lysis syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with venetoclax-containing regimens without dose ramp-up

Catching the clinical and biological diversity for an appropriate therapeutic approach in systemic mastocytosis

Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients: the real-life experience of Rete Ematologica Pugliese (REP)

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage