Published in:
01-10-2015 | Original Article
Hesperetin Induces the Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells via Activating Mitochondrial Pathway by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species
Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Issue 10/2015
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Background
Hesperetin, has been shown to exert biological activities on various types of human cancers. However, few related studies on gastric cancer are available.
Aim
In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of hesperetin on gastric cancer and clarify its specific mechanism.
Materials and Methods
Cell Counting Kit-8, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, JC-1, Hoechst 33258 staining, and western bolt were used to detect cell viability, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (△ψ
m), cell apoptosis, and expressions of mitochondrial pathway proteins, respectively. Meanwhile, xenograft tumor models in nude mice were made to
evaluate the effect of hesperetin on gastric cancer in vivo.
Results
Compared with the control group, the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in hesperetin groups was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05), and dose- and time-dependent effects were observed. Pretreatment with H2O2 (1 mM) or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (5 mM) enhanced or attenuated the hesperetin-induced inhibition of cell viability (P < 0.05). Percentages of apoptotic cells, levels of intracellular ROS, and △ψ
m varied with the dose and treatment time of hesperetin (P < 0.05), and hesperetin caused an increase in the levels of AIF, Apaf-1, Cyt C, caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax and a decrease in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, hesperetin significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that hesperetin could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via activating the mitochondrial pathway by increasing the ROS.