Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Headache | Review

Rethinking headache as a global public health case model for reaching the SDG 3 HEALTH by 2030

Authors: Paolo Martelletti, Matilde Leonardi, Messoud Ashina, Rami Burstein, Soo-Jin Cho, Augustina Charway-Felli, David W. Dodick, Raquel Gil-Gouveia, Licia Grazzi, Christian Lampl, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink, Mia T. Minen, Dimos Dimitrios Mitsikostas, Jes Olesen, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Uwe Reuter, Elena Ruiz de la Torre, Simona Sacco, Todd J Schwedt, Gianluca Serafini, Nirmal Surya, Cristina Tassorelli, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Yonggang Wang, Tissa Wijeratne, Alberto Raggi

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets out, through 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a path for the prosperity of people and the planet. SDG 3 in particular aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages and includes several targets to enhance health. This review presents a “headache-tailored” perspective on how to achieve SDG 3 by focusing on six specific actions: targeting chronic headaches; reducing the overuse of acute pain-relieving medications; promoting the education of healthcare professionals; granting access to medication in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); implementing training and educational opportunities for healthcare professionals in low and middle income countries; building a global alliance against headache disorders. Addressing the burden of headache disorders directly impacts on populations’ health, as well as on the possibility to improve the productivity of people aged below 50, women in particular. Our analysis pointed out several elements, and included: moving forward from frequency-based parameters to define headache severity; recognizing and managing comorbid diseases and risk factors; implementing a disease management multi-modal management model that incorporates pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments; early recognizing and managing the overuse of acute pain-relieving medications; promoting undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education of healthcare professionals with specific training on headache; and promoting a culture that favors the recognition of headaches as diseases with a neurobiological basis, where this is not yet recognized. Making headache care more sustainable is an achievable objective, which will require multi-stakeholder collaborations across all sectors of society, both health-related and not health-related. Robust investments will be needed; however, considering the high prevalence of headache disorders and the associated disability, these investments will surely improve multiple health outcomes and lift development and well-being globally.

United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations, New York. A/RES/70/1. Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf (Accessed 01/06/2023)

GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020) Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396(10258):1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9CrossRef

Leonardi M, Grazzi L, D’Amico D et al (2021) Global burden of Headache Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2007–2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010250CrossRef

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 38:1–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417738202

Taga A, Russo M, Manzoni GC, Torelli P (2017) The PACE study: lifetime and past-year prevalence of headache in Parma’s adult general population. Neurol Sci 38(5):789–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-2845-5CrossRefPubMed

Munipalli B, Seim L, Dawson NL, Knight D, Dabrh AMA (2022) Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a meta-narrative review of pathophysiology, prevalence, and management. SN Compr Clin Med 4(1):90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-022-01167-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tana C, Bentivegna E, Cho SJ et al (2022) Long COVID headache. J Headache Pain 23(1):93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01450-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Martelletti P, Bentivegna E, Spuntarelli V, Luciani M (2021) Long-COVID headache. SN Compr Clin Med 3(8):1704–1706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-021-00964-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Akhlaq H, Li M, Nava VE (2022) Secondary Stabbing Headache Associated with COVID-19: a Case Report. SN Compr Clin Med 4(1):111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-022-01194-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Raggi A, Leonardi M, Sacco S, Martelletti P (2022) Migraine Outcome should not be used to determine diagnosis, severity, and Therapy: moving towards a Multiparametric definition of chronicity. Pain Ther 11(2):331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-022-00375-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Bigal ME, Lipton RB (2011) Migraine chronification. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 11:139–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-010-0175-6CrossRefPubMed

12.

Lipton RB, Fanning KM, Buse DC et al (2019) Migraine progression in subgroups of migraine based on comorbidities: results of the CaMEO study. Neurology 93(24):e2224–e2236. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008589CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Di Antonio S, Castaldo M, Ponzano M et al (2021) Disability, burden, and symptoms related to sensitization in migraine patients associate with headache frequency. Scand J Pain 21(4):766–777. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2021-0050CrossRefPubMed

14.

Ashina S, Buse DC, Bjorner JB et al (2021) Health-related quality of life in tension-type headache: a population-based study. Scand J Pain 21(4):778–787. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2020-0166CrossRefPubMed

15.

Buse DC, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Bostic RC, Lipton RB (2020) Demographics, Headache features, and comorbidity profiles in relation to Headache frequency in people with migraine: results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study. Headache 60(10):2340–2356. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13966CrossRef

16.

Silberstein SD, Lee L, Gandhi K, Fitzgerald T, Bell J, Cohen JM (2018) Health care resource utilization and migraine disability along the Migraine Continuum among Patients treated for Migraine. Headache 58(10):1579–1592. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13421CrossRefPubMed

17.

Young NP, Philpot LM, Vierkant RA et al (2019) Episodic and chronic migraine in primary care. Headache 59(7):1042–1051. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13543CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Piccinni C, Cevoli S, Ronconi G et al (2019) A real-world study on unmet medical needs in triptan-treated migraine: prevalence, preventive therapies and triptan use modification from a large italian population along two years. J Headache Pain 20(1):74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-019-1027-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

19.

Kim BK, Chu MK, Yu SJ, Dell’Agnello G, Han JH, Cho SJ (2021) Burden of migraine and unmet needs from the patients’ perspective: a survey across 11 specialized headache clinics in Korea. J Headache Pain 22(1):45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01250-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Serrano D, Lipton RB, Scher AI et al (2017) Fluctuations in episodic and chronic migraine status over the course of 1 year: implications for diagnosis, treatment and clinical trial design. J Headache Pain 18:101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-017-0787-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Rosignoli C, Ornello R, Onofri A et al (2022) Applying a biopsychosocial model to migraine: rationale and clinical implications. J Headache Pain 23(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01471-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Buse DC, Armand CE, Charleston L et al (2021) Barriers to care in episodic and chronic migraine: results from the chronic migraine epidemiology and outcomes study. Headache 61(4):628–641. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14103CrossRefPubMed

23.

Dresler T, Caratozzolo S, Guldolf K et al (2019) Understanding the nature of psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a systematic review focused on interactions and treatment implications. J Headache Pain 20(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-019-0988-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Pompili M, Serafini G, Di Cosimo D et al (2010) Psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk in patients with chronic migraine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 6:81–91. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s8467CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Caponnetto V, Deodato M, Robotti M et al (2021) Comorbidities of primary headache disorders: a literature review with meta-analysis. J Headache Pain 22(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01281-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z et al (2021) Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache: 1. Rationale and description. J Headache Pain 22(1):78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01265-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Tinelli M, Leonardi M, Paemeleire K et al (2021) Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache. 3. Modelling effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementation in Europe: findings and conclusions. J Headache Pain 22(1):90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01305-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Burch R (2021) Preventive migraine treatment. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 27(3):613–632. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000957CrossRefPubMed

29.

Grazzi L, Toppo C, D’Amico D et al (2021) Non-pharmacological approaches to Headaches: non-invasive neuromodulation, Nutraceuticals, and behavioral approaches. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(4):1503. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041503CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Irimia P, Garrido-Cumbrera M, Santos-Lasaosa S et al (2020) Estimating the savings associated with a migraine-free life: results from the spanish Atlas. Eur J Neurol 27(12):2616–2624. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14431CrossRefPubMed

31.

Raggi A, Grazzi L, Guastafierro E et al (2022) Addressing the cost of chronic and episodic migraine and its main drivers: a short-term longitudinal analysis from a third-level italian center. Neurol Sci 43(9):5717–5724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06164-yCrossRefPubMed

32.

Martelletti P (2018) Migraine disability complicated by medication overuse. Eur J Neurol 25(10):1193–1194. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13736CrossRefPubMed

33.

Martelletti P (2018) The journey from genetic predisposition to medication overuse headache to its acquisition as sequela of chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 19(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-017-0830-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Takahashi TT, Ornello R, Quatrosi G et al (2021) Medication overuse and drug addiction: a narrative review from addiction perspective. J Headache Pain 22(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01224-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Negro A, Martelletti P (2011) Chronic migraine plus medication overuse headache: two entities or not? J Headache Pain 12(6):593–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10194-011-0388-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Schmid CW, Maurer K, Schmid DM et al (2013) Prevalence of medication overuse headache in an interdisciplinary pain clinic. J Headache Pain 14(1):4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Natoli JL, Manack A, Dean B et al (2010) Global prevalence of chronic migraine: a systematic review. Cephalalgia 30:599–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01941.xCrossRefPubMed

38.

Bigal ME, Serrano D, Reed M, Lipton RB (2008) Chronic migraine in the population: burden, diagnosis, and satisfaction with treatment. Neurology 71:559–566. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000323925.29520.e7CrossRefPubMed

39.

Davies P (2012) Medication overuse headache: a silent pandemic. Pain 153:7–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.021CrossRefPubMed

40.

Westergaard ML, Glumer C, Hansen EH, Jensen RH (2014) Prevalence of chronic headache with and without medication overuse: associations with socioeconomic position and physical and mental health status. Pain 155:2005–2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.07.002CrossRefPubMed

41.

Chen PK, Wang SJ (2019) Medication overuse and medication overuse headache: risk factors, Comorbidities, Associated Burdens and Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment Approaches. Curr Pain Headache Rep 23(8):60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0796-7CrossRefPubMed

42.

Chiang CC, Schwedt TJ, Wang SJ, Dodick DW (2016) Treatment of medication-overuse headache: a systematic review. Cephalalgia 36:371–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102415593088CrossRefPubMed

43.

Carlsen LN, Munksgaard SB, Jensen RH, Bendtsen L (2018) Complete detoxification is the most effective treatment of medication-overuse headache: a randomized controlled open-label trial. Cephalalgia 38:225–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417737779CrossRefPubMed

44.

Schwedt TJ, Hentz JG, Sahai-Srivastava S et al (2022) Patient-centered treatment of chronic migraine with medication overuse: a prospective, randomized, pragmatic clinical trial. Neurology 98:e1409–e1421. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000200117CrossRefPubMed

45.

Frese T, Druckrey H, Sandholzer H (2014) Headache in General Practice: Frequency, Management, and Results of Encounter. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014:169428. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/169428

46.

Vikelis M, Argyriou AA, Antoniou A et al (2023) A Survey of Greek Primary Care Physicians on their likeability in treating Migraines and other Common Diseases. Med (Kaunas) 59(4):734. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040734CrossRef

47.

Mortel D, Kawatu N, Steiner TJ, Saylor D (2022) Barriers to headache care in low- and middle-income countries. eNeurologicalSci 29:100427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2022.100427CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Lipton RB, Nicholson RA, Reed ML et al (2022) Diagnosis, consultation, treatment, and impact of migraine in the US: results of the OVERCOME (US) study. Headache 62(2):122–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14259CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Katsarava Z, Mania M, Lampl C, Herberhold J, Steiner TJ (2018) Poor medical care for people with migraine in Europe - evidence from the Eurolight study. J Headache Pain 19:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0839-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Schwedt TJ, Alam A, Reed ML et al (2018) Factors associated with acute medication overuse in people with migraine: results from the 2017 migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. J Headache Pain 19(1):38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0865-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Tanz LJ, Dinwiddie AT, Mattson CL, O’Donnell J, Davis NL (2022) Drug overdose deaths among persons aged 10–19 years - United States, July 2019-December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 271(50):1576–1582. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7150a2CrossRef

52.

Lipton RB, Buse DC, Friedman BW et al (2020) Characterizing opioid use in a US population with migraine: results from the CaMEO study. Neurology 95(5):e457–e468. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009324CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

World Health Organization (‎2004)‎ Atlas: country resources for neurological disorders 2004: results of a collaborative study of the World Health Organization and the World Federation of Neurology. World Health Organization, Geneva. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43075. (Accessed 13 July 2023)

54.

Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ (2022) The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates. J Headache Pain 23(1):34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Akpalu A, Adjei P, Nkromah K, Poku FO, Sarfo FS (2021) Neurological disorders encountered at an out-patient clinic in Ghana’s largest medical center: a 16-year review. eNeurologicalSci 24:100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100361CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Komolafe MA, Owagbemi OF, Alimi TI (2018) The distribution and pattern of neurological disease in a neurology clinic in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 21:1520–1524. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_230_16CrossRefPubMed

57.

Tegueu CK, Nguefack S, Doumbe J, Fogang YF, Mbonda PC, Mbonda E (2013) The spectrum of neurological disorders presenting at a neurology clinic in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 14:148. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2013.14.148.2330CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

58.

Baykan B, Ertas M, Karli N et al (2007) The burden of headache in neurology outpatient clinics in Turkey. Pain Pract 7:313–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00154.xCrossRefPubMed

59.

Awan S, Shafqat S, Kamal AK et al (2017) Pattern of neurological diseases in adult outpatient neurology clinics in tertiary care hospital. BMC Res Notes 10:545. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2873-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

60.

Kongbunkiat K, Tiamkao S, Chotmongkol V et al (2015) A Real Life Clinical Practice of Neurologists in the ambulatory setting in Thailand: a pragmatic study. Neurol Int 7:5840. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2015.5840CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Jusoh MR (1996) Profile of neurological practice in Malaysia. Neurol J Southeast Asia 1:15

62.

Siddiqi OK, Atadzhanov M, Birbeck GL, Koralnik IJ (2010) The spectrum of neurological disorders in a zambian tertiary care hospital. J Neurol Sci 290:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.12.022CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Adebayo PB, Aziz OM, Mwakabatika RE et al (2020) Out-patient neurological disorders in Tanzania: experience from a private institution in Dar es Salaam. eNeurologicalSci 20:100262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100262CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Vyas MV, Wong A, Yang JM, Thistle P, Lee L (2016) The spectrum of neurological presentations in an outpatient clinic of rural Zimbabwe. J Neurol Sci 362:263–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.065CrossRefPubMed

65.

Yang LH, Wong LY, Grivel MM, Hasin DS (2017) Stigma and substance use disorders: an international phenomenon. Curr Opin Psychiatry 30(5):378–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000351CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Glei DA, Preston SH (2020) Estimating the impact of drug use on US mortality, 1999–2016. PLoS ONE 15(1):e0226732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226732CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

67.

Tinelli M, Leonardi M, Paemeleire K et al (2021) Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache. 2. Modelling effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementation in Europe: methodology. J Headache Pain 22(1):99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-021-01310-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z et al (2019) Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition): on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain. 20(1):57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0899-2

69.

Mitsikostas DD, Ashina M, Craven A et al (2015) European Headache Federation consensus on technical investigation for primary headache disorders. J Headache Pain 17:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0596-yCrossRefPubMed

70.

WHO (2011) Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world 2011. WHO, Geneva

71.

Hoffmann W, Herzog B, Mühlig S et al (2008) Pharmaceutical care for migraine and headache patients: a community-based, randomized intervention. Ann Pharmacother 42(12):1804–1813. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1K635CrossRefPubMed

72.

Søndergaard J, Foged A, Kragstrup J et al (2006) Intensive community pharmacy intervention had little impact on triptan consumption: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Prim Health Care 24(1):16–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813430500444916CrossRefPubMed

73.

Braschinsky M, Haldre S, Kals M et al (2016) Structured education can improve primary-care management of headache: the first empirical evidence, from a controlled interventional study. J Headache Pain 17:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0613-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Kristoffersen ES, Straand J, Vetvik KG, Benth J, Russell MB, Lundqvist C (2016) Brief intervention by general practitioners for medication-overuse headache, follow-up after 6 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Neurol 263(2):344–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7975-1CrossRefPubMed

75.

Liu R, Yu S, He M et al (2013) Health-care utilization for primary headache disorders in China: a population-based door-to-door survey. J Headache Pain 14(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-14-47CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Ravishankar K (2004) Barriers to headache care in India and efforts to improve the situation. Lancet Neurol 3(9):564–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00855-5CrossRefPubMed

77.

Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP et al (2021) Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. Lancet 397(10283):1485–1495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32160-7CrossRefPubMed

78.

Bigio J, MacLean E, Vasquez NA et al (2022) Most common reasons for primary care visits in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. PLOS Glob Public Health 2(5):e0000196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000196CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

Bentivegna E, Tassorelli C, De Icco R, Sances G, Martelletti P (2022) Tele-healthcare in migraine medicine: from diagnosis to monitoring treatment outcomes. Expert Rev Neurother 22(3):237–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2022.2045954CrossRefPubMed

80.

European Medicines Agency (2023) Real-world evidence framework to support EU regulatory decision-making: Report on the experience gained with regulator-led studies from September 2021 to February 2023. EMA/289699/2023. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/real-world-evidence-framework-support-eu-regulatory-decision-making-report-experience-gained_.pdf (Accessed 13 July 2023)

81.

Gerstman BB (2023) There is no single gold standard study design (RCTs are not the gold standard). Expert Opin Drug Saf 22(4):267–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2023.2203488CrossRefPubMed

82.

Krauss A (2018) Why all randomised controlled trials produce biased results. Ann Med 50(4):312–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1453233CrossRefPubMed

83.

Vandenbussche N, Pisarek K, Paemeleire K (2023) Methodological considerations on real-world evidence studies of monoclonal antibodies against the CGRP-pathway for migraine: a systematic review. J Headache Pain 24(1):75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01611-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

84.

Schwedt TJ, Tassorelli C, Silberstein SD et al (2022) Guidelines of the International Headache Society for Clinic-Based Headache Registries, 1st edition. Cephalalgia. 42:1099–1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024221099035

85.

García-Azorín D, Molina-Sánchez M, Gómez-Iglesias P et al (2022) Headache education and management in Cameroon: a healthcare provider study. Acta Neurol Belg 122(1):75–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-021-01620-6CrossRefPubMed

86.

Duncan CW (2012) Neuroimaging and other investigations in patients presenting with headache. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 15(Suppl 1):S23–32. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.99995CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

87.

Imarhiagbe FA, Ogbeide E (2011) Should non acute and recurrent headaches have neuroimaging before review by a neurologist?--a review in a southern nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Ann Afr Med 10(4):290–293. https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.87046CrossRefPubMed

88.

Naicker S, Plange-Rhule J, Tutt RC, Eastwood JB (2009) Shortage of healthcare workers in developing countries–Africa. Ethn Dis 19(1 Suppl 1):S1–60PubMed

89.

Ruiz de Velasco I, González N, Etxeberria Y, Garcia-Monco JC (2003) Quality of life in migraine patients: a qualitative study. Cephalalgia 23(9):892–900. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00599.xCrossRefPubMed

90.

Negro A, Spuntarelli V, Sciattella P, Martelletti P (2020) Rapid referral for headache management from emergency department to headache centre: four years data. J Headache Pain 21(1):25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01094-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Kurtz E (2016) Factors impacting the effectiveness of Health Care Worker Behavior Change: A literature review. Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore

92.

Ogilvie L, Mill JE, Astle B, Fanning A, Opare M (2007) The exodus of health professionals from sub-saharan Africa: balancing human rights and societal needs in the twenty-first century. Nurs Inq 14(2):114–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00358.xCrossRefPubMed

93.

Investopedia (2023) Top 25 Developed and Developing Countries: A wealthy nation isn’t synonymous with a developed one. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/updates/top-developing-countries/ (Accessed 13 July 2023)

94.

Okoroafor SC, Christmals CD (2023) Task Shifting and Task sharing implementation in Africa: a scoping review on Rationale and Scope. Healthc (Basel) 11(8):1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081200CrossRef

95.

Rowe LA, Brillant SB, Cleveland E et al (2010) Building capacity in health facility management: guiding principles for skills transfer in Liberia. Hum Resour Health 8:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-8-5CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

96.

Strasser R, Neusy AJ (2010) Context counts: training health workers in and for rural and remote areas. Bull World Health Organ 88(10):777–782. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.09.072462CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

97.

Bethke-Langenegger P, Mahler P, Staffelbach B (2011) Effectiveness of talent management strategies. Eur J Int Manag 5(5):524–539. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2011.042177CrossRef

98.

Glasser M, Hunsaker M, Sweet K, MacDowell M, Meurer M (2008) A comprehensive medical education program response to rural primary care needs. Acad Med 83(10):952–961. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181850a02CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

99.

Mateen FJ (2022) Progress towards the 2030 sustainable development goals: direct and indirect impacts on neurological disorders. J Neurol 269(9):4623–4634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11180-1CrossRefPubMed

100.

Owolabi MO, Leonardi M, Bassetti C et al (2023) Global synergistic actions to improve brain health for human development. Nat Rev Neurol 19(6):371–383. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-023-00808-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

101.

WHO (2022) Draft Intersectoral global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders 2022–2031. Available at https://www.who.int/news/item/28-04-2022-draft-intersectoral-global-action-plan-on-epilepsy-and-other-neurological-disorders-2022-2031 (Accessed 13 July 2023)

102.

WHO (2020) WHO Global Strategy on Health, Environment and Climate Change: the Transformation Needed to Improve Lives and Wellbeing Sustainably Through Healthy Environments. Available at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240000377 (Accessed 13 July 2023)

103.

World Bank (2011) Steps for designing a results-focused capacity development strategy: a primer for development practitioners based on the capacity development and results framework. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/270871468315321615/Steps-for-designing-aresults-focused-capacity-development-strategy-a-primer-for-development-practitioners-basedon-the-capacity-development-and-results-framework (Accessed 13 July 2023)

104.

European Commission (2017) Evaluation of EU Joint Programming process of Development Cooperation (2011–2015). Final report volume I – main Report March 2017, Report commissioned by the evaluation unit of the Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (European Commission), prepare by analyses for economic decisions (ADE). European Commission, Brussels

105.

Kolappa K, Seeher K, Dua T (2022) Brain health as a global priority. J Neurol Sci 439:120326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2022.120326CrossRefPubMed

Title: Rethinking headache as a global public health case model for reaching the SDG 3 HEALTH by 2030
Authors: Paolo Martelletti
Matilde Leonardi
Messoud Ashina
Rami Burstein
Soo-Jin Cho
Augustina Charway-Felli
David W. Dodick
Raquel Gil-Gouveia
Licia Grazzi
Christian Lampl
Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
Mia T. Minen
Dimos Dimitrios Mitsikostas
Jes Olesen
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
Uwe Reuter
Elena Ruiz de la Torre
Simona Sacco
Todd J Schwedt
Gianluca Serafini
Nirmal Surya
Cristina Tassorelli
Shuu-Jiun Wang
Yonggang Wang
Tissa Wijeratne
Alberto Raggi
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: Springer Milan
Keywords: Headache
Medication Overuse Headache
Migraine
Tension Headache
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2023
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01666-2

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Rethinking headache as a global public health case model for reaching the SDG 3 HEALTH by 2030

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

2:1 ketogenic diet and low-glycemic-index diet for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine: a single-center real-life retrospective study

Levcromakalim provokes an acute rapid-onset migraine-like phenotype without inducing cortical spreading depolarization

Clinical evaluation of super-responders vs. non-responders to CGRP(-receptor) monoclonal antibodies: a real-world experience

Trajectory of blood pressure after initiating anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide treatment of migraine: a target trial emulation from the veterans health administration

Association between impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation and BBB disruption in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

Correction: PACAP signaling is not involved in GTN- and levcromakalim-induced hypersensitivity in mouse models of migraine