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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 6/2013

01-12-2013 | Review

Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis

Authors: Maurizio Bellavia, Giovanni Tomasello, Marcello Romeo, Provvidenza Damiani, Attilio I. Lo Monte, Luciano Lozio, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesca Rappa, Giovanni Zummo, Massimo Cocchi, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Francesco Cappello

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 6/2013

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Abstract

In this work, we propose that for further studies of the physiopathology and treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases, an integral view of the conditions, including the triad of microbiota–heat shock proteins (HSPs)–probiotics, ought to be considered. Microbiota is the complex microbial flora that resides in the gut, affecting not only gut functions but also the health status of the whole body. Alteration in the microbiota’s composition has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions (e.g., ulcerative colitis, UC), involving both gut and extra-intestinal tissues and organs. Some of these pathologies are also associated with an altered expression of HSPs (chaperones) and this is the reason why they may be considered chaperonopathies. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms able to restore the correct, healthy equilibrium of microbiota composition, can ameliorate symptoms in patients suffering from UC and modulate expression levels of HSPs. However, currently probiotic therapy follows ex-adiuvantibus criteria, i.e., treatments with beneficial effects but whose mechanism of action is unknown, which should be changed so the probiotics needed in each case are predetermined on the basis of the patient’s microbiota. Consequently, efforts are necessary to develop diagnostic tools for elucidating levels and distribution of HSPs and the microbiota composition (microbiota fingerprint) of each subject and, thus, guide specific probiotic therapy, tailored to meet the needs of the patient. Microbiota fingerprinting ought to include molecular biology techniques for sequencing highly conserved DNA, e.g., genes encoding 16S RNA, for species identification and, in addition, quantification of each relevant microbe.
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Metadata
Title
Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis
Authors
Maurizio Bellavia
Giovanni Tomasello
Marcello Romeo
Provvidenza Damiani
Attilio I. Lo Monte
Luciano Lozio
Claudia Campanella
Antonella Marino Gammazza
Francesca Rappa
Giovanni Zummo
Massimo Cocchi
Everly Conway de Macario
Alberto J. L. Macario
Francesco Cappello
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 6/2013
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-013-0305-2

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