The extracts of osteoblast developed from adipose-derived stem cell and its role in osteogenesis

Cell-based therapy has become an achievable choice in regenerative medicines, particularly for musculoskeletal disorders. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an outstanding resource because of their ability and functions. Nevertheless, the use of cells for treatment comes with difficulties in operation and safety. The immunological barrier is also a major limitation of cell therapy, which can lead to unexpected results. Cell-derived products, such as cell extracts, have gained a lot of attention to overcome these limitations. The goal of this study was to optimize the production of ASC-osteoblast extracts as well as their involvement in osteogenesis. The extracts were prepared using a freeze–thaw method with varying temperatures and durations. Overall, osteogenic-associated proteins and osteoinductive potential of the extracts prepared from the osteogenic-induced ASCs were assessed. Our results demonstrated that the freeze–thaw approach is practicable for cell extracts production, with minor differences in temperature and duration having no effect on protein concentration. The ASC-osteoblast extracts contain a significant level of essential specialized proteins that promote osteogenicity. Hence, the freeze–thaw method is applicable for extract preparation and ASC-osteoblast extracts may be beneficial as an optional facilitating biologics in bone anabolic treatment and bone regeneration.