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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Gestational Diabetes | Research article

Gestational diabetes and the human salivary microbiota: a longitudinal study during pregnancy and postpartum

Authors: Mie K. W. Crusell, Lærke R. Brink, Trine Nielsen, Kristine H. Allin, Torben Hansen, Peter Damm, Jeannet Lauenborg, Tue H. Hansen, Oluf Pedersen

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

An aberrant composition of the salivary microbiota has been found in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and in pregnant women salivary microbiota composition has been associated with preeclampsia and pre-term birth. Pregnant women, who develop gestational diabetes (GDM), have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. In the present study we assessed whether GDM is linked to variation in the oral microbial community by examining the diversity and composition of the salivary microbiota.

Method

In this observational study the salivary microbiota of pregnant women with GDM (n = 50) and normal glucose regulation (n = 160) in third trimester and 9 months postpartum was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V1-V3 region. GDM was diagnosed in accordance with the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Cross-sectional difference in alpha diversity was assessed using Student’s t-test and longitudinal changes were assessed by mixed linear regression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal difference in beta diversity was assessed by permutational multivariate analyses of variance. Differentially abundant genera and OTUs were identified by negative binomial regression.

Results

In the third trimester, two species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while eight OTUs postpartum were differentially abundant in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women. OTU richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness decreased from late pregnancy to 9 months after delivery regardless of glycaemic status.

Conclusion

GDM is associated with a minor aberration of the salivary microbiota during late pregnancy and postpartum. For unknown reasons richness of the salivary microbiota decreased from late pregnancy to postpartum, which might be explained by the physiological changes of the immune system during human pregnancy.
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Metadata
Title
Gestational diabetes and the human salivary microbiota: a longitudinal study during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors
Mie K. W. Crusell
Lærke R. Brink
Trine Nielsen
Kristine H. Allin
Torben Hansen
Peter Damm
Jeannet Lauenborg
Tue H. Hansen
Oluf Pedersen
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-2764-y

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