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BMC Gastroenterology
Published in: BMC Gastroenterology 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | Research

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study

Authors: Sepehr Sadafi, Ali Azizi, Yahya Pasdar, Ebrahim Shakiba, Mitra Darbandi

Published in: BMC Gastroenterology | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the long term reduces the quality of life, leading to digestive diseases. The present study aims to determine the risk factors for GERD.

Method

This study was conducted on 9,631 adults aged 35–65 years. The demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, nutritional intake, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and GERD data were extracted from the databank related to the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models.

Results

The prevalence of GERD was 10.99% (n = 1,058). The GERD was higher among older age and women. After adjusting for age and sex, the odds of GERD among current smokers was 23% higher than non-smokers. Drinking increased odds of GERD (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99). The odds of GERD among depressed individuals were 46% higher than non-depressed. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the high intake of sweets and desserts with increased GERD (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Further, high intake of fiber (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) and dairy (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) was related to reducing the odds of GERD. Furthermore, a significant relationship was reported between the waist hip ratio (WHR) and visceral fat area (VFA) with increased odds of GERD. Finally, the physical activity level was inversely related to GERD.

Conclusion

Based on the results, smoking, alcohol, inactivity, high intake of sweets and desserts, low intake of fiber, depression, visceral fat, and obesity are considered as risk factors for GERD. Modifying lifestyle and behavioral habits prevent GERD.
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Metadata
Title
Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a population-based study
Authors
Sepehr Sadafi
Ali Azizi
Yahya Pasdar
Ebrahim Shakiba
Mitra Darbandi
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Gastroenterology / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-230X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-024-03143-9

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