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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

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Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Fox smell abrogates the effect of herbal odor to prolong mouse cardiac allograft survival

Authors: Xiangyuan Jin, Masateru Uchiyama, Qi Zhang, Masanori Niimi

Published in: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Herbal medicines have unique odors, and the act of smelling may have modulatory effects on the immune system. We investigated the effect of olfactory exposure to Tokishakuyaku-san (TJ-23), a Japanese herbal medicine, on alloimmune responses in a murine model of cardiac allograft transplantation.

Methods

Naïve or olfactory-dysfunctional CBA mice underwent transplantation of a C57BL/6 heart and were exposed to the odor of TJ-23 until rejection. Some naïve CBA recipients of an allograft were given olfactory exposure to Sairei-to (TJ-114), trimethylthiazoline (TMT), individual components of TJ-23, or a TJ-23 preparation lacking one component. Adoptive transfer studies were performed to determine whether regulatory cells were generated.

Results

Untreated CBA mice rejected their C57BL/6 allografts acutely, as did olfactory-dysfunctional CBA mice exposed to the odor of TJ-23. CBA recipients of a C57BL/6 heart given olfactory exposure to TJ-23 had significantly prolonged allograft survival, whereas those exposed to the odor of TJ-114, TMT, one component of TJ-23, or TJ-23 lacking a component did not. Secondary allograft recipients that were given, at 30 days after transplantation, either whole splenocytes, CD4⁺ cells, or CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells from primary recipients exposed to the odor of TJ-23 had indefinitely prolonged allograft survival.

Conclusions

Prolonged survival of cardiac allografts and generation of regulatory cells was associated with exposure to the odor of TJ-23 in our model. The olfactory area of the brain may have a role in the modulation of immune responses.

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Title: Fox smell abrogates the effect of herbal odor to prolong mouse cardiac allograft survival
Authors: Xiangyuan Jin
Masateru Uchiyama
Qi Zhang
Masanori Niimi
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1749-8090
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8090-9-82

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Fox smell abrogates the effect of herbal odor to prolong mouse cardiac allograft survival

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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