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BMC Immunology
Published in: BMC Immunology 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Research article

Formation of ultralong DH regions through genomic rearrangement

Authors: Brevin A. Smider, Vaughn V. Smider

Published in: BMC Immunology | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Cow antibodies are very unusual in having exceptionally long CDR H3 regions. The genetic basis for this length largely derives from long heavy chain diversity (DH) regions, with a single “ultralong” DH, IGHD8–2, encoding over 50 amino acids. Many bovine IGHD regions have sequence similarity but have several nucleotide repeating units that diversify their lengths. Genomically, most DH regions exist in three clusters that appear to have formed from DNA duplication events. However, the relationship between the genomic arrangement and long CDR lengths is unclear.

Results

The DH cluster containing IGHD8–2 underwent a rearrangement and deletion event in relation to the other clusters in the region corresponding to IGHD8–2, with possible fusion of two DH regions and expansion of short repeats to form the ultralong IGHD8–2 gene.

Conclusions

Length heterogeneity within DH regions is a unique evolutionary genomic mechanism to create immune diversity, including formation of ultralong CDR H3 regions.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Formation of ultralong DH regions through genomic rearrangement
Authors
Brevin A. Smider
Vaughn V. Smider
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Immunology / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2172
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-020-00359-8

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