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European Journal of Nutrition

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Open Access 01-02-2021 | Review

Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health

Authors: Samuel R. Weaver, Catarina Rendeiro, Helen M. McGettrick, Andrew Philp, Samuel J. E. Lucas

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Purpose

Red wine polyphenols (RWP) are plant-based molecules that have been extensively studied in relation to their protective effects on vascular health in both animals and humans. The aim of this review was to quantify and compare the efficacy of RWP and pure resveratrol on outcomes measures of vascular health and function in both animals and humans.

Methods

Comprehensive database searches were carried out through PubMed, Web of Science and OVID for randomised, placebo-controlled studies in both animals and humans. Meta-analyses were carried out on acute and chronic studies of RWP in humans, alongside sub-group analysis where possible. Risk-of-bias assessment was carried out for all included studies based on randomisation, allocation, blinding, outcome data reporting, and other biases.

Results

48 animal and 37 human studies were included in data extraction following screening. Significant improvements in measures of blood pressure and vascular function following RWP were seen in 84% and 100% of animal studies, respectively. Human studies indicated significant improvements in systolic blood pressure overall (− 2.6 mmHg, 95% CI: [− 4.8, − 0.4]), with a greater improvement in pure-resveratrol studies alone (− 3.7 mmHg, 95% CI: [− 7.3, − 0.0]). No significant effects of RWP were seen in diastolic blood pressure or flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery.

Conclusion

RWP have the potential to improve vascular health in at risk human populations, particularly in regard to lowering systolic blood pressure; however, such benefits are not as prevalent as those observed in animal models.

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Title: Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health
Authors: Samuel R. Weaver
Catarina Rendeiro
Helen M. McGettrick
Andrew Philp
Samuel J. E. Lucas
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02247-8

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