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International Journal for Equity in Health
Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Fertility | Research

The impact of vaccination on gender equity: conceptual framework and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine case study

Authors: Allison Portnoy, Samantha Clark, Sachiko Ozawa, Mark Jit

Published in: International Journal for Equity in Health | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Although the beneficial effects of vaccines on equity by socioeconomic status and geography are increasingly well-documented, little has been done to extend these analyses to examine the linkage between vaccination and gender equity. In this paper, evidence from the published literature is used to develop a conceptual framework demonstrating the potential impact of vaccination on measures of gender equity. This framework is then applied to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in three countries with different economic and disease burden profiles to establish a proof of concept in a variety of contexts.

Methods

We conducted a literature review examining evidence on the linkage between health outcomes and dimensions of gender equity. We utilized the Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME) model to estimate cervical cancer incidence and deaths due to HPV types 16/18 by age in each country. We estimated labor force participation and fertility effects from improvements in health, and converted these into inputs consistent with those used to calculate the United Nations Gender Inequality Index to assess gender equity.

Results

In our case study, we found that HPV vaccination among girls could help narrow socioeconomic gender disparities by quantifying the main pathways by which HPV vaccination improves health, which enables improvement in gender equity indicators such as labor force participation and maternal mortality ratios. While these improvements are small when averaged over the entire population, the components measured – labor force participation and maternal mortality ratio – account for 50% of the index scores.

Conclusions

This proof of concept model is a starting point to inform future health and economic analyses that might incorporate the impact of gender equity as an additional impact of vaccination in improving the health and well-being of the population.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
The impact of vaccination on gender equity: conceptual framework and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine case study
Authors
Allison Portnoy
Samantha Clark
Sachiko Ozawa
Mark Jit
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
International Journal for Equity in Health / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1475-9276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1090-3

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