Feasibility and Safety of Biventricular Repair in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Complex

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of structural cardiac malformations characterized by variable underdevelopment of the left heart–aorta complex. A minority of patients having a milder degree of left ventricular hypoplasia, described as hypoplastic left heart complex (HLHC), may be selected for biventricular repair. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of the biventricular approach in HLHC. We evaluated retrospectively 30 neonates diagnosed with HLHC from the “12 de Octubre” University Hospital, following established criteria. We analyzed the echocardiographic data recorded just after birth and at last follow-up after surgery. All patients were operated on in the neonatal period using various surgical techniques. There were no early deaths and only 1 late death after a mean follow-up of 62.9 ± 43.8 months. All patients presented a significant growth of the left ventricular structures, with a Z-score increase of 1.17 ± 1.05 for mitral annulus, 1.72 ± 1.23 for aortic annulus, and 1.33 ± 1.46 for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Postoperatively, 18 patients showed a left valvular stenosis, and 17 patients underwent a reoperation and/or an interventional procedure. Freedom from surgery or interventional catheterizations at 1, 3 and 5 years was 53, 49 and 43 %, respectively. The 29 current survivors are all in a good functional status. In our experience, we achieved good results from biventricular repair in patients with HLHC, with a significant growth of left heart structures and an excellent clinical status at a medium-term follow-up. Nevertheless, there was a high rate of reoperations and/or interventional catheterizations.