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European Journal of Nutrition

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Open Access 24-01-2023 | Fatty Liver | Review

Effects of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic literature review

Authors: Jayden Abdallah, Samantha Assaf, Arpita Das, Vasant Hirani

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 4/2023

Abstract

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic hepatic condition. Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to disease progression. Diet has protective effects on hepatic health and inflammatory pathways. The purpose of this review is to systematically review and describe the effects of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns on NAFLD.

Methods

The Cochrane CENTRAL Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched. A total of 252 records were identified, 7 of which were included in this review. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to conduct a quality assessment for randomised trials. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation tool.

Results

Of the 7 included studies, 6 were classified as low risk of bias and studies ranged from high to very low certainty of evidence. In the randomised-controlled studies systematically reviewed, either adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, or FLiO diet was studied, against usual care or energy matched controls, with a total of 255 participants. Anti-inflammatory dietary pattern adherence significantly reduced the severity of most hepatic and inflammatory markers, and secondary outcomes. A minority of outcomes were improved significantly more than controls.

Conclusion

Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns showed benefits to NAFLD risk factors, severity markers and inflammatory markers compared to the control diet. It is unclear whether reductions in the evaluated parameters are related solely to the anti-inflammatory diet or weight loss resulting from caloric restriction, as improvements in control groups were also evidenced. Current limited body of evidence indicates need for further research including isocaloric dietary patterns, longer interventions, measures of inflammatory markers, and studies including normal-weight subjects to confirm findings at higher certainty.

PROSPERO Registration

CRD42021269382.

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Title: Effects of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Jayden Abdallah
Samantha Assaf
Arpita Das
Vasant Hirani
Publication date: 24-01-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keyword: Fatty Liver
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03085-0

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