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Hepatology International
Published in: Hepatology International 4/2023

19-05-2023 | Fatty Liver | Consensus

An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on MAFLD and the risk of CVD

Authors: Xiao-Dong Zhou, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, Virend Somers, Seung Up Kim, C. Anwar A. Chahal, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Jingjing Cai, Michael D. Shapiro, Mohammed Eslam, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Ki-Chul Sung, Anoop Misra, Jian-Jun Li, Carlos Brotons, Yuli Huang, George V. Papatheodoridis, Aijun Sun, Yusuf Yilmaz, Wah Kheong Chan, Hui Huang, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Robert J. de Knegt, Ponsiano Ocama, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Marat Fudim, Giada Sebastiani, Jang Won Son, John D. Ryan, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Daniele Pastori, Monica Lupsor-Platon, Herbert Tilg, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Jerome Boursier, Masahide Hamaguchi, Mindie H. Nguyen, Jian-Gao Fan, George Boon-Bee Goh, Mamun Al Mahtab, Saeed Hamid, Nilanka Perera, Jacob George, Ming-Hua Zheng

Published in: Hepatology International | Issue 4/2023

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Abstract

Background

Fatty liver disease in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption is an increasingly common condition with a global prevalence of ~ 25–30% and is also associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since systemic metabolic dysfunction underlies its pathogenesis, the term metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed for this condition. MAFLD is closely intertwined with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherogenic dyslipidemia, which are established cardiovascular risk factors. Unlike CVD, which has received attention in the literature on fatty liver disease, the CVD risk associated with MAFLD is often underestimated, especially among Cardiologists.

Methods and results

A multidisciplinary panel of fifty-two international experts comprising Hepatologists, Endocrinologists, Diabetologists, Cardiologists and Family Physicians from six continents (Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania) participated in a formal Delphi survey and developed consensus statements on the association between MAFLD and the risk of CVD. Statements were developed on different aspects of CVD risk, ranging from epidemiology to mechanisms, screening, and management.

Conculsions

The expert panel identified important clinical associations between MAFLD and the risk of CVD that could serve to increase awareness of the adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes of MAFLD. Finally, the expert panel also suggests potential areas for future research.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on MAFLD and the risk of CVD
Authors
Xiao-Dong Zhou
Giovanni Targher
Christopher D. Byrne
Virend Somers
Seung Up Kim
C. Anwar A. Chahal
Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Jingjing Cai
Michael D. Shapiro
Mohammed Eslam
Philippe Gabriel Steg
Ki-Chul Sung
Anoop Misra
Jian-Jun Li
Carlos Brotons
Yuli Huang
George V. Papatheodoridis
Aijun Sun
Yusuf Yilmaz
Wah Kheong Chan
Hui Huang
Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
Saleh A. Alqahtani
Helena Cortez-Pinto
Gregory Y. H. Lip
Robert J. de Knegt
Ponsiano Ocama
Manuel Romero-Gomez
Marat Fudim
Giada Sebastiani
Jang Won Son
John D. Ryan
Ignatios Ikonomidis
Sombat Treeprasertsuk
Daniele Pastori
Monica Lupsor-Platon
Herbert Tilg
Hasmik Ghazinyan
Jerome Boursier
Masahide Hamaguchi
Mindie H. Nguyen
Jian-Gao Fan
George Boon-Bee Goh
Mamun Al Mahtab
Saeed Hamid
Nilanka Perera
Jacob George
Ming-Hua Zheng
Publication date
19-05-2023
Publisher
Springer India
Keyword
Fatty Liver
Published in
Hepatology International / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1936-0533
Electronic ISSN: 1936-0541
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-023-10543-8

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