Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Research

Farsi version of the CLEFT-Q: translation, cultural adaptation process and reliability

Authors: Shabnam Ajami, Shiva Torabi, Samaneh Dehghanpour, Maryam Ajami

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was the translation and cultural adaptation of the CLEFT-Q to Farsi and evaluating the reliability of it.

Methods

The English version of the CLEFT-Q was translated to Farsi following the guidelines set forth by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). To calculate the reliability, 50 participants filled out the Farsi version of the questionnaire twice at 2-week intervals.

Results

The difficulties during the translation and cultural adaptation process were as follows: 7.56% of items from the independent forward translations, 62.18% of items from the comparison between two forward translations, and 21% of items from the comparison between post-back translation and the original version. The internal consistency and stability of the Farsi version of the CLEFT-Q were 0.979 and 0.997, which both were categorized as excellent.

Conclusion

The Farsi version of the CLEFT-Q is a valid and reliable tool currently available for Farsi-speaking families around the world.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Silva M, Balderrama IF, Wobeto AP, Werneck RI, Azevedo-Alanis LR. The impact of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on oral health-related quality of life. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:e20170145.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Rajabian MH, Aghaei S. Cleft lip and palate in southwestern Iran: an epidemiologic study of live births. Ann Saudi Med. 2005;25(5):385–8.CrossRef
3.
Mirfazeli A, Kaviany N, Hosseinpour KR, Golalipour MJ. Incidence of cleft lip and palate in Gorgan–Northern Iran: an epidemiological study. Oman Med J. 2012;27(6):461–4.CrossRef
4.
Kianifar H, Hasanzadeh N, Jahanbin A, Ezzati A, Kianifar H. Cleft lip and palate: a 30-year epidemiologic study in North-East of Iran. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;27(78):35–41.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Dixon MJ, Shaw WC. Cleft lip and palate. Lancet. 2009;374(9703):1773–85.CrossRef
6.
Montes ABM, Oliveira TM, Gavião MBD, Barbosa TS. Orofacial functions and quality of life in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Braz Oral Res. 2019;33:e0061.CrossRef
7.
De Cuyper E, Dochy F, De Leenheer E, Van Hoecke H. The impact of cleft lip and/or palate on parental quality of life: a pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;126:109598.CrossRef
8.
Long RE Jr, Hathaway R, Daskalogiannakis J, Mercado A, Russell K, Cohen M, et al. The Americleft study: an inter-center study of treatment outcomes for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate part 1. Principles and study design. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48(3):239–43.CrossRef
9.
Heliövaara A, Küseler A, Skaare P, Shaw W, Mølsted K, Karsten A, et al. Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 6. Dental arch relationships in 5 year-olds. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2017;51(1):52–7.CrossRef
10.
Acquadro C, Berzon R, Dubois D, Leidy NK, Marquis P, Revicki D, et al. Incorporating the patient’s perspective into drug development and communication: an ad hoc task force report of the Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Harmonization Group meeting at the Food and Drug Administration, February 16, 2001. Value Health. 2003;6(5):522–31.CrossRef
11.
Eckstein DA, Wu RL, Akinbiyi T, Silver L, Taub PJ. Measuring quality of life in cleft lip and palate patients: currently available patient-reported outcomes measures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128(5):518e-e526.CrossRef
12.
Klassen AF, Tsangaris E, Forrest CR, Wong Riff KWY, Pusic AL, Cano SJ, et al. Quality of life of children treated for cleft lip and/or palate: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012;65(5):547–57.CrossRef
13.
Tsangaris E, Wong Riff KWY, Goodacre TEE, Forrest CR, Dreise M, Sykes J, et al. Establishing content validity of the CLEFT-Q: a new patient-reported outcome instrument for cleft lip/palate. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017;5(4):e1305.CrossRef
14.
Wong Riff KWY, Tsangaris E, Goodacre TEE, Forrest CR, Pusic AL, Cano SJ, et al. International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome instrument for children and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CLEFT-Q). BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e015467.CrossRef
15.
Klassen AF, Wong Riff KWY, Longmire NM, Albert A, Allen GC, Aydin MA, et al. Psychometric findings and normative values for the CLEFT-Q based on 2434 children and young adult patients with cleft lip and/or palate from 12 countries. CMAJ. 2018;190(15):e455–62.CrossRef
16.
Harrison CJ, Rae C, Tsangaris E, Wong Riff KWY, Swan MC, Goodacre TEE, et al. Further construct validation of the CLEFT-Q: ability to detect differences in outcome for four cleft-specific surgeries. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg JPRAS. 2019;72(12):2049–55.CrossRef
17.
Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health. 2005;8(2):94–104.CrossRef
18.
Willis GB. Cognitive interviewing as a tool for improving the informed consent process. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2006;1(1):9–24.CrossRef
19.
Willis GB. Analysis of the cognitive interview in questionnaire design: understanding qualitative research. Toronto: Oxford University Press; 2015.
20.
Gliem J, Gliem R. Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for likert-type scales 2003. In: Midwest research to practice conference in adult, continuing, and community education; 2003. p. 82–8.
21.
Wong Riff KWY, Tsangaris E, Goodacre TEE, Forrest CR, Lawson J, Pusic AL, et al. What matters to patients with cleft lip and/or palate: an international qualitative study informing the development of the CLEFT-Q. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018;55:442–50.CrossRef
22.
Tsangaris E, Wong Riff KWY, Vargas F, Aguilera MP, Alarcón MM, Cazalla AA, et al. Translation and cultural adaptation of the CLEFT-Q for use in Colombia, Chile, and Spain. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):228.CrossRef
23.
Varni JW, Limbers CA, Burwinkle TM. How young can children reliably and validly self-report their health-related quality of life? An analysis of 8,591 children across age subgroups with the PedsQL 40 Generic Core Scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:1.CrossRef
24.
Bevans KB, Riley AW, Moon J, Forrest CB. Conceptual and methodological advances in child-reported outcomes measurement. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2010;10(4):385–96.CrossRef
25.
Arbuckle R, Abetz-Webb L. “Not just little adults”: qualitative methods to support the development of pediatric patient-reported outcomes. Patient. 2013;6(3):143–59.CrossRef
26.
Tsangaris E, Wong Riff KWY, Dreise M, Stiernman M, Kaur MN, Piplani B, et al. Translation and cultural adaptation of the CLEFT-Q into Arabic, Dutch, Hindi, Swedish, and Turkish. Eur J Plast Surg. 2018;41(6):643–52.CrossRef
27.
Kimberlin CL, Winterstein AG. Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(23):2276–84.CrossRef
28.
Harrison CJ, Geerards D, Ottenhof MJ, Klassen AF, Wong Riff KWY, Swan MC, et al. Computerised adaptive testing accurately predicts CLEFT-Q scores by selecting fewer, more patient-focused questions. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2019;72(11):1819–24.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Farsi version of the CLEFT-Q: translation, cultural adaptation process and reliability
Authors
Shabnam Ajami
Shiva Torabi
Samaneh Dehghanpour
Maryam Ajami
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01957-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

BMC Oral Health 1/2021 Go to the issue

Research

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of dental caries in diverse populations

Research article

Oral health status of children and young adults with maple syrup urine disease in Turkey

Correction

Correction to: Complete root coverage in the treatment of Miller class III or RT2 gingival recessions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research article

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Research article

Propylene mesh versus acrylic resin stent for palatal wound protection following free gingival graft harvesting: a short-term pilot randomized clinical trial

Research

Potential biomarkers of abnormal osseointegration of implants in type II diabetes mellitus