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Journal of Translational Medicine
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Review

Evaluation of exosome derivatives as bio-informational reprogramming therapy for cancer

Authors: Michael J. Gonzalez, Mercedes F. Kweh, Pier Mario Biava, Jose Olalde, Alondra P. Toro, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, Ian A. White

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Exosomes are nanoparticle sized (100 ± 50 nm) extracellular vesicles (ECVs) that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. They do this by utilizing their natural ability to shuttle signaling molecules across the cellular microenvironment and promote paracrine signaling. Currently, exosomes are being explored for their potential as therapeutic agents for various degenerative diseases including cancer. The rationale behind their therapeutic ability is that they can transfer signaling biomolecules, and subsequently induce metabolic and physiological changes in diseased cells and tissues. In addition, exosomes can be used as a drug delivery system and may be very effective at reducing toxicity and increasing bioavailability of therapeutic molecules and drugs. Although exosomes were first believed to be a waste product of the cell, current research has demonstrated that these particles can serve as modulators of the immune system, act as cancer biomarkers, cause re-differentiation of cancer cells, and induce apoptosis in diseased cells. Extensive research has been performed specifically using amniotic fluid-derived extracellular vesicles, named “cytosomes”. While the use of cytosomes in clinical application is still in the early stages, researchers have shown great potential for these EVs in regenerative medicine as immune modulators, in controlling microbial infection and by inducing tissue repair through the activation of endogenous, tissue-specific stem cells. This review emphasizes the capabilities of specific subsets of extracellular vesicles that can potentially be used for cancer therapy, principally as a source of bi-informational reprogramming for malignant cells.
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Metadata
Title
Evaluation of exosome derivatives as bio-informational reprogramming therapy for cancer
Authors
Michael J. Gonzalez
Mercedes F. Kweh
Pier Mario Biava
Jose Olalde
Alondra P. Toro
Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
Ian A. White
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-02768-8

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