Top

European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry

Published in:

12-06-2023 | Original Scientific Article

Estimation of root canal conicity of deciduous canines evaluated by nano-CT

Authors: Gilmer Torres Ramos, Marília Pacífico Lucisano, Daniel José Blanco Victorio, Laura Ricardina Ramirez-Sotelo, Paulo Nelson-Filho, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Karin Harumi Uchima Koecklin, Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva

Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry | Issue 3/2023

Abstract

Purpose

To estimate the taper of root canals of deciduous maxillary and mandibular canines by nano computed tomography (nano-CT).

Methods

This in vitro study involved CT scan analysis of nine maxillary and five mandibular primary canines. The images of each tooth were reconstructed using OnDemand3D software. Thereon, diameter and taper analyses were performed on the free FreeCAD 0.18 software for the three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design model. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata v14.0 software, adopting a significance level of 5%.

Results

3D image reconstruction was performed, considering the diameters obtained along the entire length of the tooth root, and the conical model was built with a height of 10 mm. The diameters of the maxillary canine at points D0 (0 mm), D5 (5 mm), D7 (7 mm), and D10 (10 mm) were 1.62, 1.07, 0.78, and 0.49 mm, respectively, with a significant difference between the four points (p = 0.0001). Regarding maxillary canine root taper values in the cervical, middle, and apical regions, the values were 12%, 14%, and 10%, respectively. For mandibular canines, the mean diameter values obtained at points D0, D5, D7, and D10 were 1.51, 0.83, 0.64, and 0.45 mm, respectively, with significant differences among the four points (p = 0.005). The inferior canine root tapers in the cervical, middle, and apical regions were 14%, 10%, and 6%, respectively.

Conclusion

The detailed knowledge of the root morphology of maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines, as it has been shown in vitro using nano-CT, is critical to achieve accurate and efficient endodontic treatments.

Acar B, Kamburoğlu K, Tatar I, Arıkan V, Çelik HH, Yüksel S, Özen T. Comparison of micro-computerized tomography and cone-beam computerized tomography in the detection of accessory canals in primary molars. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015;45:205–11. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2015.45.4.205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ahmed HMA, Hashem AA. Accessory roots and root canals in human anterior teeth: a review and clinical considerations. Int Endod J. 2016;49:724–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12508.CrossRefPubMed

Ahmed HMA, Musale PK, El Shahawy OI, Dummer PMH. Application of a new system for classifying tooth, root and canal morphology in the primary dentition. Int Endod J. 2020;53:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13199.CrossRefPubMed

Altunsoy M, Ok E, Nur BG, Aglarci OS, Gungor E, Colak M. A cone-beam computed tomography study of he root canal morphology of anterior teeth in Turkish population. Eur J Dent. 2014;8:302–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.137630.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Biuki N, Razi T, Faramarzi M. Relationship between pulp-tooth volume ratios and chronological age in different anterior teeth on CBCT. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;1:e688–93. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.53654.CrossRef

Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC. The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular first premolar: a literature review. J Endod. 2007;33(5):509–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.004.CrossRefPubMed

Cleghorn BM, Boorberg NB, Christie WH. Primary human teeth and their root canal systems. Endod Top. 2010;23:6–33.CrossRef

da Silva EJ, de Castro RW, Nejaim Y, Silva AI, Haiter-Neto F, Silberman A, Cohenca N. Evaluation of root canal configuration of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using cone beam computed tomography: an in-vivo study. Quintessence Int. 2016;47:19–24. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a34807.CrossRefPubMed

Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics. Root canal anatomy: an online study guide. J Endod. 2008;34:5S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.011.CrossRef

Fumes AC, Sousa-Neto MD, Leoni GB, Versiani MA, da Silva LAB, da Silva RAB, Consolaro A. Root canal morphology of primary molars: a micro-computed tomography study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014;15:317–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0117-0.CrossRefPubMed

Gaurav V, Srivastava N, Rana V, Adlakha VK. Study of root canal morphology of human primary incisors and molars using cone beam computerized tomography: an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2013;31:254–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.121827.CrossRefPubMed

Gergi R, Abou Rjeily J, Osta N, Sader J, Naaman A. Taper preparation variability compared to current taper standards using computed tomography. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:265695. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/265695.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gozde O, Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Aydinbelge M, Dogan S. Evaluation of root canal morphology of human primary molars by using CBCT and comprehensive review of the literature. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74:250–8. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2015.1104721.CrossRef

Guelmann M, McEachern M, Turner C. Pulpectomy in primary incisors using three delivery systems: an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28:323–6. https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.28.4.j634167443m061n3.CrossRefPubMed

Huang Y, Celikten B, de Faria Vasconcelos K, Ferreira Pinheiro Nicolielo L, Lippiatt N, Buyuksungur A, Jacobs R, Orhan K. Micro-CT and nano-CT analysis of filling quality of three different endodontic sealers. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017;46:20170223. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20170223.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jung MS, Lee SP, Kim GT, Choi SC, Park JH, Kim JW. Three-dimensional analysis of deciduous maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Anat. 2012;25:182–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.21200.CrossRefPubMed

Lenzi TL, Guglielmi Cde A, Arana-Chavez VE, Raggio DP. Tubule density and diameter in coronal dentin from primary and permanent human teeth. Microsc Microanal. 2013;19:1445–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927613012725.CrossRefPubMed

Marceliano-Alves MF, Lima CO, Augusto CM, Barbosa AFA, Bruno AMV, Rosa AM, Lopes RT. The internal root canal morphology of single-rooted mandibular canines revealed by micro-computed tomography. J Conserv Dent. 2018;21:588–91. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_313_18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mashyakhy M. Prevalence of a second root and canal in mandibular and maxillary canines in a Saudi Arabian population: a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20:773–7.CrossRefPubMed

Mazzi-Chaves JF, Silva-Sousa YTC, Leoni GB, Silva-Sousa AC, Estrela L, Estrela C, Jacobs R, de Sousa-Neto MD. Micro-computed tomographic assessment of the variability and morphological features of root canal system and their ramifications. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20190393. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McDonald RE. Treatment of deep caries, of exposure of vital pulp and of pulpless teeth in children. Bol Asoc Argent Odontol Ninos. 1965;7:14–7 (contd.).PubMed

Metzger Z, Teperovich E, Zary R, Cohen R, Hof R. The self-adjusting file (SAF). Part 1: respecting the root canal anatomy—a new concept of endodontic files and its implementation. J Endod. 2010;36(4):679–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.036.CrossRefPubMed

Mjör IA. Dentin permeability: the basis for understanding pulp reactions and adhesive technology. Braz Dent J. 2009;20:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000100001.CrossRefPubMed

Mochizuki K, Ohtawa Y, Kubo S, Machida Y, Yakushiji M. Bifurcation, birooted primary canines: a case report. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001;11:380–5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00296.x.CrossRefPubMed

Musale PK, Hegde VS. Endodontic treatment of a three-rooted primary maxillary right canine. ENDO. 2010;4:309–13.

Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao CV. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast medium-enhanced digital radiography in studying root canal morphology. J Endod. 2010;36:1547–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.05.008.CrossRefPubMed

Orhan K, Jacobs R, Celikten B, Huang Y, de Faria VK, Nicolielo LFP, Buyuksungur A, Van Dessel J. Evaluation of threshold values for root canal filling voids in micro-CT and nano-CT images. Scanning. 2018;2018:9437569. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9437569.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Patel S, Brown J, Pimentel T, Kelly RD, Abella F, Durack C. Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics—a review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2019;52:1138–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13115.CrossRefPubMed

Peters OA, Laib A, Rüegsegger P, Barbakow F. Three-dimensional analysis of root canal geometry by high-resolution computed tomography. J Dent Res. 2000;79:1405–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345000790060901.CrossRefPubMed

Peyrin F, Dong P, Pacureanu A, Langer M. Micro- and nano-CT for the study of bone ultrastructure. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12:465–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-014-0233-0.CrossRefPubMed

Prabhakar AR, Yavagal C, Dixit K, Naik SV. Reciprocating vs rotary instrumentation in pediatric endodontics: cone beam computed tomographic analysis of deciduous root canals using two single-file systems. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016;9:45–9. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1332.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tikku AP, Pragya Pandey W, Shukla I. Intricate internal anatomy of teeth and its clinical significance in endodontics–a review. Endodontology. 2012;24:160–9.CrossRef

Torres CP, Miranda Gomes-Silva J, Menezes-Oliveira MAH, Silva Soares LE, Palma-Dibb RG, Borsatto MC. FT-Raman spectroscopy, µ-EDXRF spectrometry, and microhardness analysis of the dentin of primary and permanent teeth. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81:509–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23005.CrossRefPubMed

Torres-Ramos G, Lucisano MP, Blanco-Victorio DJ, Ramírez-Sotelo LR, Nelson-Filho P, Silva RAB, Silva LAB. Root canal conicity estimation of primary maxillary central and lateral incisors—a study by Nano-CT. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30:764–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12642.CrossRefPubMed

Versiani MA, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MD. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the root canal morphology of single-rooted mandibular canines. Int Endod J. 2013;46:800–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12061.CrossRefPubMed

Vertucci KJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics. 2005;10:3–29.CrossRef

Wang M, Ren X, Pan Y. Micro-computed tomography-based anatomical study of the branch canals in mandibular anterior teeth in a Chinese population. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:81–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2409-y.CrossRefPubMed

Waterhouse PJ, Whitworth JM, Camp JH, Fuks AB. Pediatric endodontics: endodontic treatment for the primary and young permanent dentition. In: Hargreaves K, Cohen S, editors. Pathways of the Pulp. 10th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2011. p. 808–57.CrossRef

Wu MK, R’oris A, Barkis D, Wesselink PR. Prevalence and extent of long oval canals in the apical third. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:739–43. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.106344.CrossRefPubMed

Zilberman U, Abramov J, Smith P. Supernumerary roots in maxillary deciduous canines: a rare anomaly with a long history. Arch Oral Biol. 2021;132:105292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105292.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Estimation of root canal conicity of deciduous canines evaluated by nano-CT
Authors: Gilmer Torres Ramos
Marília Pacífico Lucisano
Daniel José Blanco Victorio
Laura Ricardina Ramirez-Sotelo
Paulo Nelson-Filho
Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
Karin Harumi Uchima Koecklin
Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
Publication date: 12-06-2023
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry / Issue 3/2023
Print ISSN: 1818-6300
Electronic ISSN: 1996-9805
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-023-00809-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Estimation of root canal conicity of deciduous canines evaluated by nano-CT

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2023

Association between maxillary canine impaction and other dental anomalies: radiological study of a mixed dentition children’s cohort from an orthodontic clinic

Correction to: Audio–visual storytelling for reducing dental anxiety in Iranian children: a randomized controlled trial

Association of dental hypersensitivity and anxiety in children with molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)

Influence of salivary acquired pellicle on colour changes and minerals content of dentine after application of silver diamine fluoride followed by potassium iodide

Parental stress and dental caries experience in adolescents: analysis of data from a birth cohort study in Pelotas, Southern Brazil

Clinical evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness using a virtual reality device during local anesthesia and extractions in pediatric patients