Exercise Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease

go back to reference Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics–2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(1):143–52.PubMed Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics–2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(1):143–52.PubMed

go back to reference Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013;382(9901):1329–40.PubMed Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013;382(9901):1329–40.PubMed

go back to reference Polonsky TS, McDermott MM. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease without chronic limb-threatening ischemia: a review. JAMA. 2021;325(21):2188–98.PubMed Polonsky TS, McDermott MM. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease without chronic limb-threatening ischemia: a review. JAMA. 2021;325(21):2188–98.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM. Lower extremity manifestations of peripheral artery disease: the pathophysiologic and functional implications of leg ischemia. Circ Res. 2015;116(9):1540–50.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM. Lower extremity manifestations of peripheral artery disease: the pathophysiologic and functional implications of leg ischemia. Circ Res. 2015;116(9):1540–50.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Dolan NC, et al. Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA. 2001;286(13):1599–606.PubMed McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Dolan NC, et al. Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA. 2001;286(13):1599–606.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM, Liu K, Greenland P, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Chan C, et al. Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms. JAMA. 2004;292(4):453–61.PubMed McDermott MM, Liu K, Greenland P, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Chan C, et al. Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms. JAMA. 2004;292(4):453–61.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM, Greenland P, Tian L, Kibbe MR, Green D, Zhao L, et al. Association of 6-minute walk performance and physical activity with incident ischemic heart disease events and stroke in peripheral artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(7):e001846. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.001846. PMID: 26219563; PMCID: PMC4608069.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Greenland P, Tian L, Kibbe MR, Green D, Zhao L, et al. Association of 6-minute walk performance and physical activity with incident ischemic heart disease events and stroke in peripheral artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(7):e001846. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​JAHA.​115.​001846. PMID: 26219563; PMCID: PMC4608069.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(12):e686–725.PubMed Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(12):e686–725.PubMed

go back to reference Lane R, Harwood A, Watson L, Leng GC. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;12(12):CD000990.PubMed Lane R, Harwood A, Watson L, Leng GC. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;12(12):CD000990.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM, Dyer A, Ferrucci L, Liu K, et al. Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(2):165–74.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM, Dyer A, Ferrucci L, Liu K, et al. Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301(2):165–74.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM, Ferrucci L, Tian L, Guralnik JM, Lloyd-Jones D, Kibbe MR, et al. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with or without supervised exercise on walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease: the PROPEL randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(21):2089–98.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Ferrucci L, Tian L, Guralnik JM, Lloyd-Jones D, Kibbe MR, et al. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with or without supervised exercise on walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease: the PROPEL randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(21):2089–98.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM, Bazzano L, Peterson CA, Sufit R, Ferrucci L, Domanchuk K, et al. Effect of telmisartan on walking performance in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: The TELEX randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(13):1315–25.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Bazzano L, Peterson CA, Sufit R, Ferrucci L, Domanchuk K, et al. Effect of telmisartan on walking performance in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: The TELEX randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(13):1315–25.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Conte MS, Pomposelli FB, Clair DG, Geraghty PJ, McKinsey JF, Mills JL, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities: management of asymptomatic disease and claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(3 Suppl):2S-41S.PubMed Conte MS, Pomposelli FB, Clair DG, Geraghty PJ, McKinsey JF, Mills JL, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities: management of asymptomatic disease and claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(3 Suppl):2S-41S.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM. Home-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease. JAMA. 2022;327(14):1339–40.PubMed McDermott MM. Home-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease. JAMA. 2022;327(14):1339–40.PubMed

go back to reference Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, Scott KJ, Blevins SM. Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2011;123(5):491–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, Scott KJ, Blevins SM. Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2011;123(5):491–8.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, Blevins SM. Step-monitored home exercise improves ambulation, vascular function, and inflammation in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(5): e001107.PubMedPubMedCentral Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, Blevins SM. Step-monitored home exercise improves ambulation, vascular function, and inflammation in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(5): e001107.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Fakhry F, van de Luijtgaarden KM, Bax L, den Hoed PT, Hunink MG, Rouwet EV, et al. Supervised walking therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56(4):1132–42.PubMed Fakhry F, van de Luijtgaarden KM, Bax L, den Hoed PT, Hunink MG, Rouwet EV, et al. Supervised walking therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56(4):1132–42.PubMed

go back to reference Gommans LN, Saarloos R, Scheltinga MR, Houterman S, de Bie RA, Fokkenrood HJ, et al. Editor’s choice–the effect of supervision on walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48(2):169–84.PubMed Gommans LN, Saarloos R, Scheltinga MR, Houterman S, de Bie RA, Fokkenrood HJ, et al. Editor’s choice–the effect of supervision on walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48(2):169–84.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM, Ades PA, Dyer A, Guralnik JM, Kibbe M, Criqui MH. Corridor-based functional performance measures correlate better with physical activity during daily life than treadmill measures in persons with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(5):1231–7, 7.e1.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Ades PA, Dyer A, Guralnik JM, Kibbe M, Criqui MH. Corridor-based functional performance measures correlate better with physical activity during daily life than treadmill measures in persons with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(5):1231–7, 7.e1.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM, Guralnik JM, Tian L, Zhao L, Polonsky TS, Kibbe MR, et al. Comparing 6-minute walk versus treadmill walking distance as outcomes in randomized trials of peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(3):988–1001.PubMed McDermott MM, Guralnik JM, Tian L, Zhao L, Polonsky TS, Kibbe MR, et al. Comparing 6-minute walk versus treadmill walking distance as outcomes in randomized trials of peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(3):988–1001.PubMed

go back to reference Jensen TS, Chin J, Ashby L, Schafer J, Dolan D. Proposed national coverage determination for supervised exercise therapy (SET) for symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). Available from: https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-proposed-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=287. Jensen TS, Chin J, Ashby L, Schafer J, Dolan D. Proposed national coverage determination for supervised exercise therapy (SET) for symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). Available from: https://​www.​cms.​gov/​medicare-coverage-database/​details/​nca-proposed-decision-memo.​aspx?​NCAId=​287.

go back to reference Harwood AE, Smith GE, Cayton T, Broadbent E, Chetter IC. A systematic review of the uptake and adherence rates to supervised exercise programs in patients with intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016;34:280–9.PubMed Harwood AE, Smith GE, Cayton T, Broadbent E, Chetter IC. A systematic review of the uptake and adherence rates to supervised exercise programs in patients with intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016;34:280–9.PubMed

go back to reference Dua A, Gologorsky R, Savage D, Rens N, Gandhi N, Brooke B, et al. National assessment of availability, awareness, and utilization of supervised exercise therapy for peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(5):1702–7.PubMed Dua A, Gologorsky R, Savage D, Rens N, Gandhi N, Brooke B, et al. National assessment of availability, awareness, and utilization of supervised exercise therapy for peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(5):1702–7.PubMed

go back to reference Divakaran S, Carroll BJ, Chen S, Shen C, Bonaca MP, Secemsky EA. Supervised exercise therapy for symptomatic peripheral artery disease among medicare beneficiaries between 2017 and 2018: participation rates and outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2021;14(8): e007953.PubMedPubMedCentral Divakaran S, Carroll BJ, Chen S, Shen C, Bonaca MP, Secemsky EA. Supervised exercise therapy for symptomatic peripheral artery disease among medicare beneficiaries between 2017 and 2018: participation rates and outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2021;14(8): e007953.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Cetlin MD, Polonsky T, Ho K, Zhang D, Tian L, Zhao L, et al. Barriers To participation in supervised exercise therapy reported by people with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2022;77(2):506–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2022.09.014. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36150636.CrossRefPubMed Cetlin MD, Polonsky T, Ho K, Zhang D, Tian L, Zhao L, et al. Barriers To participation in supervised exercise therapy reported by people with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2022;77(2):506–14. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jvs.​2022.​09.​014. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36150636.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hammond MM, Tian L, Zhao L, Zhang D, McDermott MM. Attendance at supervised exercise sessions and walking outcomes in peripheral artery disease: results from 2 randomized clinical trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(24): e026136.PubMedPubMedCentral Hammond MM, Tian L, Zhao L, Zhang D, McDermott MM. Attendance at supervised exercise sessions and walking outcomes in peripheral artery disease: results from 2 randomized clinical trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(24): e026136.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Regensteiner JG, Meyer TJ, Krupski WC, Cranford LS, Hiatt WR. Hospital vs home-based exercise rehabilitation for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angiology. 1997;48(4):291–300.PubMed Regensteiner JG, Meyer TJ, Krupski WC, Cranford LS, Hiatt WR. Hospital vs home-based exercise rehabilitation for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angiology. 1997;48(4):291–300.PubMed

go back to reference Savage P, Ricci MA, Lynn M, Gardner A, Knight S, Brochu M, et al. Effects of home versus supervised exercise for patients with intermittent claudication. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2001;21(3):152–7.PubMed Savage P, Ricci MA, Lynn M, Gardner A, Knight S, Brochu M, et al. Effects of home versus supervised exercise for patients with intermittent claudication. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2001;21(3):152–7.PubMed

go back to reference Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463-654.PubMed Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463-654.PubMed

go back to reference McDermott MM, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Spring B, Tian L, et al. Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(1):57–65.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Liu K, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, Spring B, Tian L, et al. Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(1):57–65.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Bearne LM, Volkmer B, Peacock J, Sekhon M, Fisher G, Galea Holmes MN, et al. Effect of a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention vs usual care on walking in adults with peripheral artery disease: the MOSAIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327(14):1344–55.PubMedPubMedCentral Bearne LM, Volkmer B, Peacock J, Sekhon M, Fisher G, Galea Holmes MN, et al. Effect of a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention vs usual care on walking in adults with peripheral artery disease: the MOSAIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327(14):1344–55.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Golledge J, Singh TP, Alahakoon C, Pinchbeck J, Yip L, Moxon JV, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical trials examining the benefit of structured home exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease. Br J Surg. 2019;106(4):319–31.PubMed Golledge J, Singh TP, Alahakoon C, Pinchbeck J, Yip L, Moxon JV, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical trials examining the benefit of structured home exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease. Br J Surg. 2019;106(4):319–31.PubMed

go back to reference •• Thangada ND, Zhang D, Tian L, Zhao L, Rejeski WJ, Ho KJ, et al. Home-based walking exercise and supervised treadmill exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):e2334590. This randomized clinical trial of 305 participants with PAD demonstrated for the first time that walking for exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms was significantly more effective than walking for exercise at a comfortable pace, for the outcomes of 6-min walk distance and treadmill walking time, despite the fact that those randomized to walking exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms walked about half as many minutes per week as those randomized to walking exercise at a comfortable pace.PubMedPubMedCentral •• Thangada ND, Zhang D, Tian L, Zhao L, Rejeski WJ, Ho KJ, et al. Home-based walking exercise and supervised treadmill exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):e2334590. This randomized clinical trial of 305 participants with PAD demonstrated for the first time that walking for exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms was significantly more effective than walking for exercise at a comfortable pace, for the outcomes of 6-min walk distance and treadmill walking time, despite the fact that those randomized to walking exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms walked about half as many minutes per week as those randomized to walking exercise at a comfortable pace.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM, Spring B, Berger JS, Treat-Jacobson D, Conte MS, Creager MA, et al. Effect of a home-based exercise intervention of wearable technology and telephone coaching on walking performance in peripheral artery disease: the HONOR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1665–76.PubMedPubMedCentral McDermott MM, Spring B, Berger JS, Treat-Jacobson D, Conte MS, Creager MA, et al. Effect of a home-based exercise intervention of wearable technology and telephone coaching on walking performance in peripheral artery disease: the HONOR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1665–76.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference •• McDermott MM, Spring B, Tian L, Treat-Jacobson D, Ferrucci L, Lloyd-Jones D, et al. Effect of low-intensity vs high-intensity home-based walking exercise on walk distance in patients with peripheral artery disease: The LITE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325(13):1266–76. This randomized clinical trial of 305 participants with PAD demonstrated for the first time that walking for exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms was significantly more effective than walking for exercise at a comfortable pace, for the outcomes of 6-min walk distance and treadmill walking time, despite the fact that those randomized to walking exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms walked about half as many minutes per week as those randomized to walking exercise at a comfortable pace.PubMedPubMedCentral •• McDermott MM, Spring B, Tian L, Treat-Jacobson D, Ferrucci L, Lloyd-Jones D, et al. Effect of low-intensity vs high-intensity home-based walking exercise on walk distance in patients with peripheral artery disease: The LITE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;325(13):1266–76. This randomized clinical trial of 305 participants with PAD demonstrated for the first time that walking for exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms was significantly more effective than walking for exercise at a comfortable pace, for the outcomes of 6-min walk distance and treadmill walking time, despite the fact that those randomized to walking exercise at a pace inducing ischemic leg symptoms walked about half as many minutes per week as those randomized to walking exercise at a comfortable pace.PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McDermott MM. Walking exercise for peripheral artery disease. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(4):310–1.PubMed McDermott MM. Walking exercise for peripheral artery disease. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(4):310–1.PubMed

go back to reference Ulfsdottir H, Bäck M, Cider Å, Jivegård L, Sandberg A, Nordanstig J, et al. Cost-Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication-a comparison of supervised exercise, home-based structured exercise, and walk advice from the SUNFIT trial. J Clin Med. 2023;12(16):5277. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165277. PMID: 37629318; PMCID: PMC10455939.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ulfsdottir H, Bäck M, Cider Å, Jivegård L, Sandberg A, Nordanstig J, et al. Cost-Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication-a comparison of supervised exercise, home-based structured exercise, and walk advice from the SUNFIT trial. J Clin Med. 2023;12(16):5277. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​jcm12165277. PMID: 37629318; PMCID: PMC10455939.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Gommans LN, Fokkenrood HJ, van Dalen HC, Scheltinga MR, Teijink JA, Peters RJ. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(2):512-8.e2.PubMed Gommans LN, Fokkenrood HJ, van Dalen HC, Scheltinga MR, Teijink JA, Peters RJ. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(2):512-8.e2.PubMed

go back to reference Waddell A, Seed S, Broom DR, McGregor G, Birkett ST, Harwood AE. Safety of home-based exercise for people with intermittent claudication: a systematic review. Vasc Med. 2022;27(2):186–92.PubMed Waddell A, Seed S, Broom DR, McGregor G, Birkett ST, Harwood AE. Safety of home-based exercise for people with intermittent claudication: a systematic review. Vasc Med. 2022;27(2):186–92.PubMed

go back to reference • Treat-Jacobson D, McDermott MM, Beckman JA, Burt MA, Creager MA, Ehrman JK, et al. Implementation of supervised exercise therapy for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140(13):e700–10. This scientific advisory from the American Heart Association provides an overview and practical guide to implementing supervised exercise therapy for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease that is covered by Medicare.PubMed • Treat-Jacobson D, McDermott MM, Beckman JA, Burt MA, Creager MA, Ehrman JK, et al. Implementation of supervised exercise therapy for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140(13):e700–10. This scientific advisory from the American Heart Association provides an overview and practical guide to implementing supervised exercise therapy for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease that is covered by Medicare.PubMed

go back to reference Thangada ND, Xu S, Tian L, Zhao L, Criqui MH, Ferrucci L, et al. Hospitalizations during home-based walking exercise interventions in peripheral artery disease: results from two randomized clinical trials. Vasc Med. 2023;28(6):583–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X231191909. Epub 2023 Aug 25. PMID:37622748.CrossRefPubMed Thangada ND, Xu S, Tian L, Zhao L, Criqui MH, Ferrucci L, et al. Hospitalizations during home-based walking exercise interventions in peripheral artery disease: results from two randomized clinical trials. Vasc Med. 2023;28(6):583–5. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1358863X23119190​9. Epub 2023 Aug 25. PMID:37622748.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Zwierska I, Walker RD, Choksy SA, Male JS, Pockley AG, Saxton JM. Upper- vs lower-limb aerobic exercise rehabilitation in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(6):1122–30.PubMed Zwierska I, Walker RD, Choksy SA, Male JS, Pockley AG, Saxton JM. Upper- vs lower-limb aerobic exercise rehabilitation in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(6):1122–30.PubMed

go back to reference Tew G, Nawaz S, Zwierska I, Saxton JM. Limb-specific and cross-transfer effects of arm-crank exercise training in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;117(12):405–13.PubMed Tew G, Nawaz S, Zwierska I, Saxton JM. Limb-specific and cross-transfer effects of arm-crank exercise training in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;117(12):405–13.PubMed

go back to reference Bronas UG, Treat-Jacobson D, Leon AS. Comparison of the effect of upper body-ergometry aerobic training vs treadmill training on central cardiorespiratory improvement and walking distance in patients with claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(6):1557–64.PubMed Bronas UG, Treat-Jacobson D, Leon AS. Comparison of the effect of upper body-ergometry aerobic training vs treadmill training on central cardiorespiratory improvement and walking distance in patients with claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(6):1557–64.PubMed

go back to reference Regensteiner JG, Steiner JF, Hiatt WR. Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23(1):104–15.PubMed Regensteiner JG, Steiner JF, Hiatt WR. Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23(1):104–15.PubMed

go back to reference McGuigan MR, Bronks R, Newton RU, Sharman MJ, Graham JC, Cody DV, et al. Resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease: effects on myosin isoforms, fiber type distribution, and capillary supply to skeletal muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(7):B302–10.PubMed McGuigan MR, Bronks R, Newton RU, Sharman MJ, Graham JC, Cody DV, et al. Resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease: effects on myosin isoforms, fiber type distribution, and capillary supply to skeletal muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(7):B302–10.PubMed

go back to reference Parmenter BJ, Mavros Y, Ritti Dias R, King S, Fiatarone SM. Resistance training as a treatment for older persons with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(8):452–61.PubMed Parmenter BJ, Mavros Y, Ritti Dias R, King S, Fiatarone SM. Resistance training as a treatment for older persons with peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(8):452–61.PubMed