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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

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Open Access 01-06-2010

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Parallels Between Normal Development and Tumor Progression

Authors: Douglas S. Micalizzi, Susan M. Farabaugh, Heide L. Ford

Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia | Issue 2/2010

Abstract

From the earliest stages of embryonic development, cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin contribute to the structure and function of developing organs. However, these phenotypes are not always permanent, and instead, under the appropriate conditions, epithelial and mesenchymal cells convert between these two phenotypes. These processes, termed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), or the reverse Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET), are required for complex body patterning and morphogenesis. In addition, epithelial plasticity and the acquisition of invasive properties without the full commitment to a mesenchymal phenotype are critical in development, particularly during branching morphogenesis in the mammary gland. Recent work in cancer has identified an analogous plasticity of cellular phenotypes whereby epithelial cancer cells acquire mesenchymal features that permit escape from the primary tumor. Because local invasion is thought to be a necessary first step in metastatic dissemination, EMT and epithelial plasticity are hypothesized to contribute to tumor progression. Similarities between developmental and oncogenic EMT have led to the identification of common contributing pathways, suggesting that the reactivation of developmental pathways in breast and other cancers contributes to tumor progression. For example, developmental EMT regulators including Snail/Slug, Twist, Six1, and Cripto, along with developmental signaling pathways including TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin, are misexpressed in breast cancer and correlate with poor clinical outcomes. This review focuses on the parallels between epithelial plasticity/EMT in the mammary gland and other organs during development, and on a selection of developmental EMT regulators that are misexpressed specifically during breast cancer.

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Title: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Parallels Between Normal Development and Tumor Progression
Authors: Douglas S. Micalizzi
Susan M. Farabaugh
Heide L. Ford
Publication date: 01-06-2010
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia / Issue 2/2010
Print ISSN: 1083-3021
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7039
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-010-9178-9

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Other articles of this Issue 2/2010

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transitions and Circulating Tumor Cells

ErbB/EGF Signaling and EMT in Mammary Development and Breast Cancer

Matrix Metalloproteinase-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer

Mammary Gland Studies as Important Contributors to the Cause of Epithelial Mesenchymal Plasticity in Malignancy

Cell Polarity in Motion: Redefining Mammary Tissue Organization Through EMT and Cell Polarity Transitions

The Pathophysiology of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β in Normal and Malignant Mammary Epithelial Cells

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