Top

Published in:

01-07-2020 | Original Article

Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in mainland China, 2017–2018

Authors: Sisi Xie, Wan Liang, Xueying Wang, Hongjian Chen, Jie Fan, Wenbo Song, Lin Hua, Xibiao Tang, Huanchun Chen, Zhong Peng, Bin Wu

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 7/2020

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) is a major threat to the global pig industry, particularly in China, the world’s largest pig-rearing and pork-production country. Continuously monitoring the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV epidemic strains is beneficial for prevention and control of infection. Previously, we reported the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV2 in China from 2012 to 2016. Here, the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV2 in China from 2017 to 2018 are reported. During these two years, we collected different types of porcine samples from 2428 pig farms in 27 provinces in China. Of the 7980 samples collected, 2080 (26.07%) were positive for PRRSV2 ORF5 by RT-PCR. The positive rate of PRRSV detection between different regions of China ranged from 8.12% to 29.33%, and from 7.96% to 55.50% between different months. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF5 gene revealed that the PRRSV2 strains currently circulating in China belong to five clades, and most of the PRRSVs detected are highly pathogenic PRRSVs (HP-PRRSVs; clade IV) and PRRSV NADC30-like strains (clade I). Sequence analysis revealed multiple amino acid mutation types, including amino acid changes and deletions in both the GP5 and Nsp2 proteins. The presence of these mutations may have an effect on the evolution of the virus by altering the viral titer and/or affecting the antibody response against the virus.

Neumann EJ, Kliebenstein JB, Johnson CD, Mabry JW, Bush EJ, Seitzinger AH, Green AL, Zimmerman JJ (2005) Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 227(3):385–392CrossRef

Han M, Yoo D (2014) Engineering the PRRS virus genome: updates and perspectives. Vet Microbiol 174(3–4):279–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.007 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AMQ, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert M, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfacon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ (2017) Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2017). Arch Virol 162(8):2505–2538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3358-5 CrossRefPubMed

Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ (2016) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 4:129–154. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111025 CrossRefPubMed

Shi M, Lam TT, Hon CC, Murtaugh MP, Davies PR, Hui RK, Li J, Wong LT, Yip CW, Jiang JW, Leung FC (2010) Phylogeny-based evolutionary, demographical, and geographical dissection of North American type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. J Virol 84(17):8700–8711. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02551-09 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Xie J, Cui T, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhang M, Zhou P, Deng S, Su S, Zhang G (2014) Epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of the PRRSV in Southern China from 2010 to 2013. Microb Pathog 75:7–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2014.08.001 CrossRefPubMed

Peng Z, Zhao T, Liang W, Song W, Gao Z, Tang X, Chen H, Wu B (2017) RT-PCR detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus based on the ORF5 gene in mainland China, 2012–2015. Acta Virol 61(3):336–340. https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2017_312 CrossRefPubMed

Liang W, Zhao T, Peng Z, Sun Y, Stratton CW, Zhou D, Tang X, Tian Y, Chen H, Wu B (2019) Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus circulating in central and South China in 2016. Acta Trop 190:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.004 CrossRefPubMed

Zhou L, Yang H (2010) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in China. Virus Res 154(1–2):31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.016 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Guo B, Chen Z, Liu W, Cui Y (1996) Isolation and identification of procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from aborted fetues suspected of PRRS. Chin J Anim Poult Infect Dis 26:1–5

11.

Tian K, Yu X, Zhao T, Feng Y, Cao Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Chen X, Hu D, Tian X, Liu D, Zhang S, Deng X, Ding Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qiao M, Wang B, Hou L, Wang X, Yang X, Kang L, Sun M, Jin P, Wang S, Kitamura Y, Yan J, Gao GF (2007) Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark. PLoS One 2(6):e526. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000526 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Zhou L, Chen S, Zhang J, Zeng J, Guo X, Ge X, Zhang D, Yang H (2009) Molecular variation analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Virus Res 145(1):97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2009.06.014 CrossRefPubMed

13.

An TQ, Tian ZJ, Xiao Y, Li R, Peng JM, Wei TC, Zhang Y, Zhou YJ, Tong GZ (2010) Origin of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. China. Emerg Infect Dis 16(2):365–367. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.090005 CrossRefPubMed

14.

Wenhui L, Zhongyan W, Guanqun Z, Zhili L, JingYun M, Qingmei X, Baoli S, Yingzuo B (2012) Complete genome sequence of a novel variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain: evidence for recombination between vaccine and wild-type PRRSV strains. J Virol 86(17):9543. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01341-12 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Xie J, Zhu W, Chen Y, Wei C, Zhou P, Zhang M, Huang Z, Sun L, Su S, Zhang G (2013) Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV in South China from 2007 to 2011 based on the genetic analysis of ORF5. Microb Pathog 63:30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2013.05.013 CrossRefPubMed

16.

Lu WH, Tun HM, Sun BL, Mo J, Zhou QF, Deng YX, Xie QM, Bi YZ, Leung FC, Ma JY (2015) Re-emerging of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (lineage 3) and increased pathogenicity after genomic recombination with vaccine variant. Vet Microbiol 175(2–4):332–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.016 CrossRefPubMed

17.

Zhang Q, Jiang P, Song Z, Lv L, Li L, Bai J (2016) Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a novel NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in China. Vet Microbiol 197:93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.010 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Li C, Zhuang J, Wang J, Han L, Sun Z, Xiao Y, Ji G, Li Y, Tan F, Li X, Tian K (2016) Outbreak Investigation of NADC30-Like PRRSV in South-East China. Transbound Emerg Dis 63(5):474–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12530 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Suchard MA, Lemey P, Baele G, Ayres DL, Drummond AJ, Rambaut A (2018) Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. Virus Evol 4(1):vey016. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vey016

20.

Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23(21):2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404

21.

Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Vorwald AC, Kehrli ME Jr, Baker RB, Nicholson TL, Lager KM, Miller LC, Faaberg KS (2012) Genomic sequence and virulence comparison of four Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains. Virus Res 169(1):212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.030 CrossRefPubMed

22.

Halbur PG, Paul PS, Meng XJ, Lum MA, Andrews JJ, Rathje JA (1996) Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pig model. J Vet Diagn Invest 8(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879600800103 CrossRefPubMed

23.

Liu J, Wei C, Lin Z, Fan J, Xia W, Dai A, Yang X (2019) Recombination in lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China. Infect Genet Evol 68:119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.006 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Guo Z, Chen XX, Li X, Qiao S, Deng R, Zhang G (2019) Prevalence and genetic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in central China during 2016-2017: NADC30-like PRRSVs are predominant. Microb Pathog 135:103657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103657 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Li B, Fang L, Guo X, Gao J, Song T, Bi J, He K, Chen H, Xiao S (2011) Epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China between 2006 and 2010. J Clin Microbiol 49(9):3175–3183. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00234-11 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Guo Z, Chen XX, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G (2018) The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J 15(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Council GOotS (2012) The national medium and long-term plan on animal disease prevention and control (2012–2020). http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2012/content_2152427.htm

28.

China TMoAaRAotPsRo (2016) National plan for sustainable pig production and development (2016–2020).http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2016/diwuqi/201711/t20171127_25920859.htm

29.

Zhou L, Wang Z, Ding Y, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H (2015) NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis 21(12):2256–2257. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2112.150360 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Wang LJ, Xie W, Chen XX, Qiao S, Zhao M, Gu Y, Zhao BL, Zhang G (2017) Molecular epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Central China since 2014: The prevalence of NADC30-like PRRSVs. Microb Pathog 109:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.021 CrossRefPubMed

31.

Zhang H, Leng C, Ding Y, Zhai H, Li Z, Xiang L, Zhang W, Liu C, Li M, Chen J, Bai Y, Kan Y, Yao L, Peng J, Wang Q, Tang YD, An T, Cai X, Tian Z, Tong G (2019) Characterization of newly emerged NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Arch Virol 164(2):401–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-4080-7 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Zhou L, Kang R, Yu J, Xie B, Chen C, Li X, Xie J, Ye Y, Xiao L, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang H (2018) Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of a novel recombined porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100551

33.

Zhou L, Kang R, Xie B, Tian Y, Wu X, Lv X, Yang X, Wang H (2018) Identification of a novel recombinant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040151

34.

Yu X, Chen N, Wang L, Wu J, Zhou Z, Ni J, Li X, Zhai X, Shi J, Tian K (2012) New genomic characteristics of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses do not lead to significant changes in pathogenicity. Vet Microbiol 158(3–4):291–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.036 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Zhao K, Ye C, Chang XB, Jiang CG, Wang SJ, Cai XH, Tong GZ, Tian ZJ, Shi M, An TQ (2015) Importation and recombination are responsible for the latest emergence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. J Virol 89(20):10712–10716. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01446-15 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Delputte PL, Vanderheijden N, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert MB (2002) Involvement of the matrix protein in attachment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to a heparinlike receptor on porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol 76(9):4312–4320. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.9.4312-4320.2002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Music N, Gagnon CA (2010) The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus structural and non-structural proteins in virus pathogenesis. Anim Health Res Rev 11(2):135–163. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1466252310000034 CrossRefPubMed

38.

Zhou L, Zhang J, Zeng J, Yin S, Li Y, Zheng L, Guo X, Ge X, Yang H (2009) The 30-amino-acid deletion in the Nsp2 of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerging in China is not related to its virulence. J Virol 83(10):5156–5167. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02678-08 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Han J, Liu G, Wang Y, Faaberg KS (2007) Identification of nonessential regions of the nsp2 replicase protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain VR-2332 for replication in cell culture. J Virol 81(18):9878–9890. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00562-07 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Wang X, Sun L, Li Y, Lin T, Gao F, Yao H, He K, Tong G, Wei Z, Yuan S (2013) Development of a differentiable virus via a spontaneous deletion in the nsp2 region associated with cell adaptation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 171(1):150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.11.006 CrossRefPubMed

Title: Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in mainland China, 2017–2018
Authors: Sisi Xie
Wan Liang
Xueying Wang
Hongjian Chen
Jie Fan
Wenbo Song
Lin Hua
Xibiao Tang
Huanchun Chen
Zhong Peng
Bin Wu
Publication date: 01-07-2020
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Archives of Virology / Issue 7/2020
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04661-z

Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch now

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discuss last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits

STEP AAG HeroTeaserCollection image/© Tarek / Generated with AI / Stock.adobe.com, ACC 2024 Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 Valvular Heart Disease: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, ACC 2024 HF and Cardiomyopathies: Year in Review/© 2024 American College of Cardiology, Woman out walking/© Seventyfour / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Woman checking smartwatch /© saltdium / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Cardiac catheterization/© Damian / stock.adobe.com

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 7/2020

Complete genome sequence of a novel grapevine-infecting member of the genus Polerovirus, grapevine polerovirus 1

Whole-genome sequence of a reassortant G9P[4] rotavirus A strain from two children in the Czech Republic

Complete genome sequence of an isolate of duck enteritis virus from China

Isolation and identification of two new strains of mammalian orthoreovirus from Chinese tree shrews

Molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea

The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage