Published in:
Open Access
01-12-2015 | Research article
Epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients: experience from thirty cases
Authors:
Avelar Alves de Silva, Álvaro Pacheco E Silva Filho, Ricardio de Castro Cinta Sesso, Ronaldo de Matos Esmeraldo, Cláudia Maria Costa de Oliveira, Paula Frassinetti Castelo Branco Camurca Fernandes, Rodrigo Alves de Oliveira, Leila Silveira Veira de Silva, Valencio Pereira de Carvalho, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Jesusmar Ximenes Andrade, Diana Marisa Barros da Silva, Roosevelt Valente Chaves
Published in:
BMC Infectious Diseases
|
Issue 1/2015
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Abstract
Background
Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp. and is transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis (sand fly). In renal transplant recipients, visceral leishmaniasis causes severe damage to the liver, spleen, and hematopoietic system, as well as poor outcomes for patients with transplanted kidneys. This study describes the largest series of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients, providing important information about the diagnostic routines and therapeutic strategies in this patient population.
Methods
A retrospective, descriptive study was performed to analyze the distribution and evaluate the extent of the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of 30 renal transplant recipients from endemic regions who presented with visceral leishmaniasis in the post-transplantation period.
Results
In this study, visceral leishmaniasis was more frequent in men (80%). The mean age of presentation was 40 ± 10.5 years. The majority of patients worked in urban areas (66.7%), cohabitated with domestic animals (90%), and were from low-income households. In 73.3% of cases, diagnosis was made by direct isolation of Leishmania forms. Patients were treated with liposomal amphotericin, resulting in a high degree of disease remission (80%).
Conclusions
This study describes the largest series of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients and expands clinical-epidemiological knowledge for transplantation teams to perform adequate disease management for this specific patient population.