Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Published in: World Journal of Emergency Surgery 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Endoscopy | Review

Esophageal emergencies: WSES guidelines

Authors: Mircea Chirica, Michael D. Kelly, Stefano Siboni, Alberto Aiolfi, Carlo Galdino Riva, Emanuele Asti, Davide Ferrari, Ari Leppäniemi, Richard P. G. ten Broek, Pierre Yves Brichon, Yoram Kluger, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, Gil Frey, Nelson Adami Andreollo, Federico Coccolini, Cristina Frattini, Ernest E. Moore, Osvaldo Chiara, Salomone Di Saverio, Massimo Sartelli, Dieter Weber, Luca Ansaloni, Walter Biffl, Helene Corte, Imtaz Wani, Gianluca Baiocchi, Pierre Cattan, Fausto Catena, Luigi Bonavina

Published in: World Journal of Emergency Surgery | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

The esophagus traverses three body compartments (neck, thorax, and abdomen) and is surrounded at each level by vital organs. Injuries to the esophagus may be classified as foreign body ingestion, caustic ingestion, esophageal perforation, and esophageal trauma. These lesions can be life-threatening either by digestive contamination of surrounding structures in case of esophageal wall breach or concomitant damage of surrounding organs. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention are the keys of successful management.
Literature
1.
2.
3.
Chiu YH, Hou SK, Chen SC, et al. Diagnosis and endoscopic management of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Am J Med Sci. 2012;343(3):192–5.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Evans DC, Wojda TR, Jones CD, et al. Intentional ingestions of foreign objects among prisoners: a review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;7(3):162–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Metaxas E, et al. Management of esophageal foreign bodies: a retrospective review of 400 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21(4):653–6.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Aiolfi A, Ferrari D, Riva CG, et al. Esophageal foreign bodies in adults: systematic review of the literature. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018;53(10–11):1171–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
8.
Gretarsdottir HM, Jonasson JG, Bjornsson ES. Etiology and management of esophageal food impaction: a population based study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(5):513–8.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Lee JH, Kim HC, Yang DM, et al. What is the role of plain radiography in patients with foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract? Clin Imaging. 2012;36(5):447–54.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Liew CJ, Poh AC, Tan TY. Finding nemo: imaging findings, pitfalls, and complications of ingested fish bones in the alimentary canal. Emerg Radiol. 2013;20(4):311–22.PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
Goh BK, Tan YM, Lin SE, et al. CT in the preoperative diagnosis of fish bone perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;187(3):710–4.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Young CA, Menias CO, Bhalla S, et al. CT features of esophageal emergencies. Radiographics. 2008;28(6):1541–53.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Marco De Lucas E, Sadaba P, Lastra Garcia-Baron P, et al. Value of helical computed tomography in the management of upper esophageal foreign bodies. Acta Radiol. 2004;45(4):369–74.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Committee ASoP, Ikenberry SO, Jue TL, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(6):1085–91.CrossRef
16.
Ricote GC, Torre LR, De Ayala VP, et al. Fiberendoscopic removal of foreign bodies of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1985;160(6):499–504.PubMed
17.
Webb WA. Management of foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract: update. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995;41(1):39–51.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Birk M, Bauerfeind P, Deprez PH, et al. Removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in adults: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) clinical guideline. Endoscopy. 2016;48(5):489–96.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Wu WT, Chiu CT, Kuo CJ, et al. Endoscopic management of suspected esophageal foreign body in adults. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24(3):131–7.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Sugawa C, Ono H, Taleb M, et al. Endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract: a review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;6(10):475–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Chaves DM, Ishioka S, Felix VN, et al. Removal of a foreign body from the upper gastrointestinal tract with a flexible endoscope: a prospective study. Endoscopy. 2004;36(10):887–92.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Geng C, Li X, Luo R, et al. Endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective study of 1294 cases. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(11):1286–91.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Vicari JJ, Johanson JF, Frakes JT. Outcomes of acute esophageal food impaction: success of the push technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53(2):178–81.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Kerlin P, Jones D, Remedios M, et al. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults with food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(4):356–61.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Nadir A, Sahin E, Nadir I, et al. Esophageal foreign bodies: 177 cases. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24(1):6–9.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Gmeiner D, von Rahden BH, Meco C, et al. Flexible versus rigid endoscopy for treatment of foreign body impaction in the esophagus. Surg Endosc. 2007;21(11):2026–9.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Yan XE, Zhou LY, Lin SR, et al. Therapeutic effect of esophageal foreign body extraction management: flexible versus rigid endoscopy in 216 adults of Beijing. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:2054–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Tseng CC, Hsiao TY, Hsu WC. Comparison of rigid and flexible endoscopy for removing esophageal foreign bodies in an emergency. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115(8):639–44.PubMedCrossRef
29.
30.
Kucharczuk JC, Kaiser LR, Marshall MB. Weerda diverticuloscope: novel use to remove embedded esophageal foreign bodies. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76(4):1276–8.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Ferrari D, Aiolfi A, Bonitta G, et al. Flexible versus rigid endoscopy in the management of esophageal foreign body impaction: systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13:42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
32.
Dalal PP, Otey AJ, McGonagle EA, et al. Intentional foreign object ingestions: need for endoscopy and surgery. J Surg Res. 2013;184(1):145–9.PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
Biancari F, Gudbjartsson T, Mennander A, et al. Treatment of esophageal perforation in octogenarians: a multicenter study. Dis Esophagus. 2014;27(8):715–8.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Orji FT, Akpeh JO, Okolugbo NE. Management of esophageal foreign bodies: experience in a developing country. World J Surg. 2012;36(5):1083–8.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Jiang J, Yu T, Zhang YF, et al. Treatment of cervical esophageal perforation caused by foreign bodies. Dis Esophagus. 2012;25(7):590–4.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Bonavina L, Aiolfi A, Siboni S, et al. Thoracoscopic removal of dental prosthesis impacted in the upper thoracic esophagus. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9(1):5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
39.
40.
41.
Keh SM, Onyekwelu N, McManus K, et al. Corrosive injury to upper gastrointestinal tract: still a major surgical dilemma. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(32):5223–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Betalli P, Falchetti D, Giuliani S, et al. Caustic ingestion in children: is endoscopy always indicated? The results of an Italian multicenter observational study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(3):434–9.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Temiz A, Oguzkurt P, Ezer SS, et al. Predictability of outcome of caustic ingestion by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(10):1098–103.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Arici MA, Ozdemir D, Oray NC, et al. Evaluation of caustics and household detergents exposures in an emergency service. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2012;31(6):533–8.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Chirica M, Resche-Rigon M, Bongrand NM, et al. Surgery for caustic injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Ann Surg. 2012;256(6):994–1001.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Bonavina L, Chirica M, Skrobic O, et al. Foregut caustic injuries: results of the world society of emergency surgery consensus conference. World J Emerg Surg. 2015;10:44.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
Zerbib P, Voisin B, Truant S, et al. The conservative management of severe caustic gastric injuries. Ann Surg. 2011;253(4):684–8.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Chirica M, Resche-Rigon M, Pariente B, et al. Computed tomography evaluation of high-grade esophageal necrosis after corrosive ingestion to avoid unnecessary esophagectomy. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(6):1452–61.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Chou SH, Chang YT, Li HP, et al. Factors predicting the hospital mortality of patients with corrosive gastrointestinal injuries receiving esophagogastrectomy in the acute stage. World J Surg. 2010;34(10):2383–8.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Chirica M, Resche-Rigon M, Zagdanski AM, Bruzzi M, Bouda D, Roland E, Sabatier F, Bouhidel F, Bonnet F, Munoz-Bongrand N, Marc Gornet J, Sarfati E, Cattan P. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Esophagogastric Necrosis After Caustic Ingestion. Ann Surg. 2016;264(1):107–13.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Chirica M, Resche-Rigon M, Zagdanski AM, et al. Computed tomography evaluation of esophagogastric necrosis after caustic ingestion. Ann Surg. 2016;264(1):107–13.PubMedCrossRef
52.
53.
Cheng HT, Cheng CL, Lin CH, et al. Caustic ingestion in adults: the role of endoscopic classification in predicting outcome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008;8:31.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Zargar SA, Kochhar R, Mehta S, et al. The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of corrosive ingestion and modified endoscopic classification of burns. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991;37(2):165–9.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Le Naoures P, Hamy A, Lerolle N, et al. Risk factors for symptomatic esophageal stricture after caustic ingestion-a retrospective cohort study. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(6):1–6.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Cowan T, Foster R, Isbister GK. Acute esophageal injury and strictures following corrosive ingestions in a 27year cohort. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(3):488–92.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Lahoti D, Broor SL, Basu PP, et al. Corrosive esophageal strictures: predictors of response to endoscopic dilation. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995;41(3):196–200.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Chirica M, Veyrie N, Munoz-Bongrand N, et al. Late morbidity after colon interposition for corrosive esophageal injury: risk factors, management, and outcome. A 20-years experience. Ann Surg. 2010;252(2):271–80.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Andreoni B, Farina ML, Biffi R, et al. Esophageal perforation and caustic injury: emergency management of caustic ingestion. Dis Esophagus. 1997;10(2):95–100.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Estrera A, Taylor W, Mills LJ, et al. Corrosive burns of the esophagus and stomach: a recommendation for an aggressive surgical approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;41(3):276–83.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Di Saverio S, Biscardi A, Piccinini A, et al. Different possible surgical managements of caustic ingestion: diagnostic laparoscopy for Zargar’s grade 3a lesions and a new technique of “duodenal damage control” with “4-tubes ostomy" and duodenal wash-out as an option for extensive 3b lesions in unstable patients. Updat Surg 2015; 67(3):313–320.
62.
Dapri G, Himpens J, Mouchart A, et al. Laparoscopic transhiatal esophago-gastrectomy after corrosive injury. Surg Endosc. 2007;21(12):2322–5.PubMedCrossRef
63.
64.
Chirica M, Kraemer A, Petrascu E, Vuarnesson H, Pariente B, Halimi B, Munoz-Bongrand N, Sarfati E, Cattan P. Esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy for caustic injuries. Dis Esophagus. 2014;27(2):122–7.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Lefrancois M, Gaujoux S, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Oesophagogastrectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for caustic injury. Br J Surg. 2011;98(7):983–90.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Benjamin B, Agueb R, Vuarnesson H, Tranchart H, Bongrand NM, Sarfati E, Cattan P, Chirica M. Tracheobronchial Necrosis After Caustic Ingestion. Ann Surg. 2016;263(4):808–13.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Sdralis EIK, Petousis S, Rashid F, et al. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal perforations: systematic review. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(8):1–6.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Chirica M, Champault A, Dray X, et al. Esophageal perforations. J Visc Surg. 2010;147(3):e117–28.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Aloreidi K, Patel B, Ridgway T, et al. Non-surgical management of Boerhaave’s syndrome: a case series study and review of the literature. Endosc Int Open. 2018;6(1):E92–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
71.
Baron TH, Wong Kee Song LM, Zielinski MD, et al. A comprehensive approach to the management of acute endoscopic perforations (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(4):838–59.PubMedCrossRef
72.
73.
Biancari F, D'Andrea V, Paone R, et al. Current treatment and outcome of esophageal perforations in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of 75 studies. World J Surg. 2013;37(5):1051–9.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Brinster CJ, Singhal S, Lee L, et al. Evolving options in the management of esophageal perforation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77(4):1475–83.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Ali JT, Rice RD, David EA, et al. Perforated esophageal intervention focus (PERF) study: a multi-center examination of contemporary treatment. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(11):1–8.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Biancari F, Saarnio J, Mennander A, et al. Outcome of patients with esophageal perforations: a multicenter study. World J Surg. 2014;38(4):902–9.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Backer CL, LoCicero J 3rd, Hartz RS, et al. Computed tomography in patients with esophageal perforation. Chest. 1990;98(5):1078–80.PubMedCrossRef
78.
79.
Soreide JA, Viste A. Esophageal perforation: diagnostic work-up and clinical decision-making in the first 24 hours. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011;19:66.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.
Watkins JR, Farivar AS. Endoluminal therapies for esophageal perforations and leaks. Thorac Surg Clin. 2018;28(4):541–54.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Mangiavillano B, Viaggi P, Masci E. Endoscopic closure of acute iatrogenic perforations during diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract using metallic clips: a literature review. J Dig Dis. 2010;11(1):12–8.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Voermans RP, Le Moine O, von Renteln D, et al. Efficacy of endoscopic closure of acute perforations of the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(6):603–8.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Baron TH, Song LM, Ross A, et al. Use of an over-the-scope clipping device: multicenter retrospective results of the first U.S. experience (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(1):202–8.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Swinnen J, Eisendrath P, Rigaux J, et al. Self-expandable metal stents for the treatment of benign upper GI leaks and perforations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(5):890–9.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Persson S, Rouvelas I, Irino T, et al. Outcomes following the main treatment options in patients with a leaking esophagus: a systematic literature review. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(12):1–10.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Freeman RK, Herrera A, Ascioti AJ, et al. A propensity-matched comparison of cost and outcomes after esophageal stent placement or primary surgical repair for iatrogenic esophageal perforation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;149(6):1550–5.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Laukoetter MG, Mennigen R, Neumann PA, et al. Successful closure of defects in the upper gastrointestinal tract by endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT): a prospective cohort study. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(6):2687–96.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Still S, Mencio M, Ontiveros E, et al. Primary and rescue Endoluminal vacuum therapy in the management of esophageal perforations and leaks. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;24(4):173–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
Tellechea JI, Gonzalez JM, Miranda-Garcia P, et al. Role of endoscopy in the management of Boerhaave syndrome. Clin Endosc. 2018;51(2):186–91.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Wu G, Zhao YS, Fang Y, et al. Treatment of spontaneous esophageal rupture with transnasal thoracic drainage and temporary esophageal stent and jejunal feeding tube placement. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;82(1):141–9.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Glatz T, Marjanovic G, Kulemann B, et al. Management and outcome of esophageal stenting for spontaneous esophageal perforations. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(3):1–6.PubMed
92.
Freeman RK, Ascioti AJ, Wozniak TC. Postoperative esophageal leak management with the Polyflex esophageal stent. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133(2):333–8.PubMedCrossRef
93.
94.
Abbas G, Schuchert MJ, Pettiford BL, et al. Contemporaneous management of esophageal perforation. Surgery. 2009;146(4):749–55 discussion 755-6.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Schweigert M, Sousa HS, Solymosi N, et al. Spotlight on esophageal perforation: a multinational study using the Pittsburgh esophageal perforation severity scoring system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(4):1002–9.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Gregory J, Hecht J. Esophageal perforation: a research review of the anti-infective treatment. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40(5):953–62.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Wahed S, Dent B, Jones R, et al. Spectrum of oesophageal perforations and their influence on management. Br J Surg. 2014;101(1):e156–62.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Vogel SB, Rout WR, Martin TD, et al. Esophageal perforation in adults: aggressive, conservative treatment lowers morbidity and mortality. Ann Surg. 2005;241(6):1016–21 discussion 1021-3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
99.
Nakano T, Onodera K, Ichikawa H, et al. Thoracoscopic primary repair with mediastinal drainage is a viable option for patients with Boerhaave's syndrome. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(2):784–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
100.
Cho JS, Kim YD, Kim JW, et al. Thoracoscopic primary esophageal repair in patients with Boerhaave's syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;91(5):1552–5.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Vallbohmer D, Holscher AH, Holscher M, et al. Options in the management of esophageal perforation: analysis over a 12-year period. Dis Esophagus. 2010;23(3):185–90.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Linden PA, Bueno R, Mentzer SJ, et al. Modified T-tube repair of delayed esophageal perforation results in a low mortality rate similar to that seen with acute perforations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83(3):1129–33.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Okonta KE, Kesieme EB. Is oesophagectomy or conservative treatment for delayed benign oesophageal perforation the better option? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15(3):509–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
Petrone P, Kassimi K, Jimenez-Gomez M, et al. Management of esophageal injuries secondary to trauma. Injury. 2017;48(8):1735–42.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Patel MS, Malinoski DJ, Zhou L, et al. Penetrating oesophageal injury: a contemporary analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank. Injury. 2013;44(1):48–55.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Makhani M, Midani D, Goldberg A, et al. Pathogenesis and outcomes of traumatic injuries of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2014;27(7):630–6.PubMedCrossRef
107.
108.
109.
Asensio JA, Chahwan S, Forno W, et al. Penetrating esophageal injuries: multicenter study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma. 2001;50(2):289–96.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Aiolfi A, Inaba K, Recinos G, et al. Non-iatrogenic esophageal injury: a retrospective analysis from the National Trauma Data Bank. World J Emerg Surg. 2017;12:19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
111.
Biffl WL, Moore EE, Feliciano DV, et al. Western Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: diagnosis and management of esophageal injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79(6):1089–95.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Fadoo F, Ruiz DE, Dawn SK, et al. Helical CT esophagography for the evaluation of suspected esophageal perforation or rupture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(5):1177–9.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Srinivasan R, Haywood T, Horwitz B, et al. Role of flexible endoscopy in the evaluation of possible esophageal trauma after penetrating injuries. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(7):1725–9.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Arantes V, Campolina C, Valerio SH, et al. Flexible esophagoscopy as a diagnostic tool for traumatic esophageal injuries. J Trauma. 2009;66(6):1677–82.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Ahmed N, Massier C, Tassie J, et al. Diagnosis of penetrating injuries of the pharynx and esophagus in the severely injured patient. J Trauma. 2009;67(1):152–4.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Metadata
Title
Esophageal emergencies: WSES guidelines
Authors
Mircea Chirica
Michael D. Kelly
Stefano Siboni
Alberto Aiolfi
Carlo Galdino Riva
Emanuele Asti
Davide Ferrari
Ari Leppäniemi
Richard P. G. ten Broek
Pierre Yves Brichon
Yoram Kluger
Gustavo Pereira Fraga
Gil Frey
Nelson Adami Andreollo
Federico Coccolini
Cristina Frattini
Ernest E. Moore
Osvaldo Chiara
Salomone Di Saverio
Massimo Sartelli
Dieter Weber
Luca Ansaloni
Walter Biffl
Helene Corte
Imtaz Wani
Gianluca Baiocchi
Pierre Cattan
Fausto Catena
Luigi Bonavina
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
World Journal of Emergency Surgery / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1749-7922
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-019-0245-2

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

World Journal of Emergency Surgery 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research article

Pregnancy and appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical use of MRI in diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant women

Research article

Hemostasis as soon as possible? The role of the time to angioembolization in the management of pelvic fracture

Review

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

Review

Ethical considerations in conducting surgical research in severe complicated intra-abdominal sepsis

Research article

Outcome of trauma-related emergency laparotomies, in an era of far-reaching specialization

Research article

Frailty and functional decline after emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly: a prospective cohort study