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Journal of General Internal Medicine
Published in: Journal of General Internal Medicine 9/2020

01-09-2020 | Ebola Virus | Viewpoint

COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do

Author: Aditya K. Khetan, MD

Published in: Journal of General Internal Medicine | Issue 9/2020

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Excerpt

Emerging infectious diseases (EID), which include zoonotic diseases, drug-resistant pathogens, and vector-borne pathogens, have been increasing steadily since 1940.1 Most of this increase has been due to zoonotic pathogens from wildlife; common examples of which are HIV, Ebola, SARS, MERS, and, now, COVID-19. For every decade since 1940, there has been a consistent increase in the number of EID events from wildlife-related zoonosis. Human activity is the primary driver of this increase, with loss of biodiversity a leading mechanism.2 …
Literature
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Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008;451(7181):990–993.CrossRef
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Keesing F, Belden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, et al. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature. 2010;468(7324):647–652.CrossRef
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Redford K. Human influences on biodiversity. Glob Biodivers Assess Eds VH Heywood RT Watson. 1995;711–822.
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Hoberg EP, Brooks DR. Evolution in action: climate change, biodiversity dynamics and emerging infectious disease. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2015;370(1665):20130553.CrossRef
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Whitmee S, Haines A, Beyrer C, Boltz F, Capon AG, de Souza Dias BF, et al. Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health. Lancet. 2015;386(10007):1973–2028.CrossRef
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Gibbs HK, Ruesch AS, Achard F, Clayton MK, Holmgren P, Ramankutty N, et al. Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(38):16732–16737.CrossRef
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Kim BF, Santo RE, Scatterday AP, Fry JP, Synk CM, Cebron SR, et al. Country-specific dietary shifts to mitigate climate and water crises. Glob Environ Chang. 2019;101926.
Metadata
Title
COVID-19: Why Declining Biodiversity Puts Us at Greater Risk for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and What We Can Do
Author
Aditya K. Khetan, MD
Publication date
01-09-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of General Internal Medicine / Issue 9/2020
Print ISSN: 0884-8734
Electronic ISSN: 1525-1497
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05977-x

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