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Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

Diagnostic performance of commercial IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) for diagnosis of Zika virus infection

Authors: Mariana Kikuti, Laura B. Tauro, Patrícia S. S. Moreira, Gúbio S. Campos, Igor A. D. Paploski, Scott C. Weaver, Mitermayer G. Reis, Uriel Kitron, Guilherme S. Ribeiro

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2018

Abstract

Background

Serologic detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging because of antigenic similarities among flaviviruses.

Objective

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of commercial ZIKV IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits.

Methods

We used sera from febrile patients with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection to determine sensitivity and sera from RT-PCR-confirmed dengue cases and blood donors, both of which were collected before ZIKV epidemics in Brazil (2009–2011 and 2013, respectively) to determine specificity.

Results

The ZIKV IgM-ELISA positivity among RT-PCR ZIKV confirmed cases was 0.0% (0/14) and 12.5% (1/8) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera, respectively, while its specificity was 100.0% (58/58) and 98.3% (58/59) for acute- and convalescent-phase sera of dengue patients, and 100.0% (23/23) for blood donors. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA sensitivity was 100.0% (6/6) on convalescent-phase sera from RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV patients, while its specificity was 27.3% (15/55) on convalescent-phase sera from dengue patients and 45.0% (9/20) on blood donors’ sera. The ZIKV IgG-ELISA specificity among dengue confirmed cases was much greater among patients with primary dengue (92.3%; 12/13), compared to secondary dengue (7.1%; 3/42).

Conclusions

In a setting of endemic dengue transmission, the ZIKV IgM-ELISA had high specificity, but poor sensitivity. In contrast, the ZIKV IgG-ELISA showed low specificity, particularly for patients previously exposed to dengue infections. This suggests that this ZIKV IgM-ELISA is not useful in confirming a diagnosis of ZIKV infection in suspected patients, whereas the IgG-ELISA is more suitable for ZIKV diagnosis among travelers, who reside in areas free of flavivirus transmission, rather than for serosurveys in dengue-endemic areas.

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Title: Diagnostic performance of commercial IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) for diagnosis of Zika virus infection
Authors: Mariana Kikuti
Laura B. Tauro
Patrícia S. S. Moreira
Gúbio S. Campos
Igor A. D. Paploski
Scott C. Weaver
Mitermayer G. Reis
Uriel Kitron
Guilherme S. Ribeiro
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Virology Journal / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1015-6

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Results

Conclusions

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