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At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
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Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

18-04-2024 | Diabetes | Review article

AMPK pathway: an emerging target to control diabetes mellitus and its related complications

Authors: Bibhuti B. Kakoti, Shahnaz Alom, Kangkan Deka, Raj Kumar Halder

Published in: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

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Abstract

Purpose

In this extensive review work, the important role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in causing of diabetes mellitus has been highlighted. Structural feature of AMPK as well its regulations and roles are described nicely, and the association of AMPK with the diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are also explained along with the connection between AMPK and β-cell function, insulin resistivity, mTOR, protein metabolism, autophagy and mitophagy and effect on protein and lipid metabolism.

Methods

Published journals were searched on the database like PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science by using keywords such as AMPK, diabetes mellitus, regulation of AMPK, complications of diabetes mellitus, autophagy, apoptosis etc.

Result

After extensive review, it has been found that, kinase enzyme like AMPK is having vital role in management of type II diabetes mellitus. AMPK involve in enhance the concentration of glucose transporter like GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 which result in lowering of blood glucose level in influx of blood glucose into the cells; AMPK increases the insulin sensitivity and decreases the insulin resistance and further AMPK decreases the apoptosis of β-cells which result into secretion of insulin and AMPK is also involve in declining of oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and inflammation, owing to which organ damage due to diabetes mellitus can be lowered by activation of AMPK.

Conclusion

As AMPK activation leads to overall control of diabetes mellitus, designing and developing of small molecules or peptide that can act as AMPK agonist will be highly beneficial for control or manage diabetes mellitus.
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Metadata
Title
AMPK pathway: an emerging target to control diabetes mellitus and its related complications
Authors
Bibhuti B. Kakoti
Shahnaz Alom
Kangkan Deka
Raj Kumar Halder
Publication date
18-04-2024
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
Electronic ISSN: 2251-6581
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-024-01420-8

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