Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Geriatrics
Published in: BMC Geriatrics 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Development of the assessment standards of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Geriatric Core Set through a modified Delphi method

Authors: Malan Zhang, Yan Gao, Jingjing Xue, Kun Li, Lifang Zhang, Jiani Yu, Tiebin Yan, Xiaohui Hou

Published in: BMC Geriatrics | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

There is currently a lack of functional assessment tools based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) theoretical framework that are specific for older adults.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to develop Chinese assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set for functional evaluation of older adults.

Methods

A two-stage study process was conducted to develop the assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set: establishment of candidate assessment standards, and a modified Delphi consensus process including a pilot survey and two-round formal expert survey. Thirty participants in the field of ICF and geriatric rehabilitation were recruited. The suitability of the assessment standards in the questionnaires was rated using a Likert 5-level scoring method. The arithmetic mean, the full mark ratio and the coefficient of variation (CV) were used as screening indicators for the assessment standards, and modification was made for several standards, in line with the Delphi results and the expert panel discussion.

Results

Thirty-three candidate assessment standards belonging to 17 categories were generated. A total of 26 and 24 experts in the field of ICF and geriatric rehabilitation participated in the two-round survey, respectively. Five standards belonging to four categories entered into the second-round survey directly, five standards belonged to five categories entered with minor modification, and nine standards belonging to seven categories were redesigned based on the literature and discussion of the expert panel. In the second-round survey,15 assessment standards belonging to 15 categories met the screening requirements and four assessment standards belonged to the two remaining categories that needed a criterion and which the expert panel discussed for the final decision.

Conclusions

Using the modified Delphi method, the assessment standards of the ICF Geriatric Core Set have been developed.Future work should focus on the reliability and validity of the the assessment standards and their application to the health management of older adults.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Fuster V, Changing Demographics. A New Approach to Global Health Care due to the Aging Population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(24):3002–5.CrossRefPubMed
2.
National Research Group on the Strategy of Population Aging. The General Research Report of Chinese Strategic for dealing with Population Aging. Beijing: Hualing; 2014. pp. 190–3.
3.
Luo Y, Su B, Zheng X. Trends and challenges for Population and Health during Population Aging — China, 2015–2050. China CDC Wkly. 2021;3(28):593–8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
4.
Sun S, Lin X, Ouyang X, Zhang J, Gao Q, Guo P, et al. Education and development of rehabilitation therapy in China under the background of aging. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1000048.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
5.
Rudnicka E, Napierała P, Podfigurna A, Męczekalski B. Smolarczyk R,Grymowicz M. The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing. Maturitas. 2020;139:6–11.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
6.
Gao Y, Zhao J, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Content comparison of long-term care instruments based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):146.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
Wu L, Liu M, Huang C, Yin J, Zhou H, Hu H. The development of a self-management evaluation scale for elderly adults with hypertension based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation-behaviour (COM-B) model. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):245.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
8.
Inanaga S, Hasegawa M, Kosuge M, Ichimura S, Morii T, Hosogane N. Relationship between the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale and physical function in the elderly people. J Bone Min Metab. 2023;41(4):550–6.CrossRef
9.
Park SH, Kwak MJ. Performance of the geriatric depression Scale-15 with older adults aged over 65 years: an updated review 2000–2019. Clin Gerontologist. 2021;44(2):83–96.CrossRef
10.
World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, disability and health: ICF[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
11.
Prodinger B, Stucki G, Coenen M, Tennant A. The measurement of functioning using the International classification of Functioning, disability and health: comparing qualifier ratings with existing health status instruments. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;41(5):541–8.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Stucki G, Pollock A, Engkasan JP, Selb M. How to use the international classification of functioning, disability and health as a reference system for comparative evaluation and standardized reporting of rehabilitation interventions. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;55(3):384–94.CrossRefPubMed
13.
de Kraus O. International Classification of Functioning, disability and health core sets: moving forward. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(9):857–8.CrossRef
14.
Karlsson E, Gustafsson J. Validation of the International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF) core sets from 2001 to 2019 - a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(14):3736–48.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Prodinger B, Cieza A, Oberhauser C, Bickenbach J, Üstün TB, Stucki G, et al. Toward the International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF) Rehabilitation Set: A Minimal Generic Set of Domains for Rehabilitation as a Health Strategy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(6):875–84.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Gao Y, Yan T, You L, Li K, Zhang L, Zhang M. Psychometric properties of the International Classification of Functioning, disability and Health Rehabilitation Set: a rasch analysis. Int J Rehabil Res. 2021;44(2):144–51.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Gao Y, Yan T, You L, Li K. Developing operational items for the International classification of Functioning, disability and Health Rehabilitation Set: the experience from China. Int J Rehabil Res. 2018;41(1):20–7.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zhang M, Yu J, Shen W, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Lin Z, Yan T. A mobile app implementing the International classification of Functioning, disability and Health Rehabilitation Set. BMC Med Inf Decis Mak. 2020;20(1):12.CrossRef
19.
Spoorenberg SL, Reijneveld SA, Uittenbroek RJ, Kremer HP, Wynia K. Health-related problems and changes after 1 year as assessed with the geriatric ICF Core Set (GeriatrICS) in community-living older adults who are Frail receiving person-centered and Integrated Care from Embrace. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(12):2334–45.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Banno M, Tsujimoto Y, Kataoka Y. Reporting quality of the Delphi technique in reporting guidelines: a protocol for a systematic analysis of the EQUATOR Network Library. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e024942.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
21.
de Wind A, Donker-Cools BHPM, Jansen L, Luymes CH, van der Burg-Vermeulen SJ, Oomens S, Anema JR, Schaafsma FG. Development of the core of an ICF-based instrument for the assessment of work capacity and guidance in return to work of employees on sick leave: a multidisciplinary modified Delphi study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):2449.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
22.
Cieza A, Geyh S, Chatterji S, Kostanjsek N, Ustün B, Stucki G. ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned. J Rehabil Med. 2005;37(4):212–8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Blumberg JB, Cena H, Barr SI. The Use of Multivitamin/Multimineral supplements: a modified Delphi Consensus Panel Report. Clin Ther. 2018;40(4):640–57.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Li K, Yan T, You L, Li R, Ross AM. International classification of functioning, disability and health categories for spinal cord injury nursing in China. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(1):25–32.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Marchesoni A, D’Angelo S, Anzidei M. Radiologist-rheumatologist multidisciplinary approach in the management of axial spondyloarthritis: a Delphi consensus statement[J]. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019;37(4):575–84.PubMed
26.
Babbie E. The practice of social research (10the)[M]. Thompson Wadsworth; 2007.
27.
Zeng G, Hui L. Modern epidemiological methods and application[M], Peking Medical University. Pecking Union Medical College Union; 1994.
28.
Wang Y, Wang T, Wang A, Chen S, Jiao L, Meng K, et al. Identifying the competencies of China’s paediatric residents: a modified Delphi method study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e041741.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
Zhang L, Guo X, Yang S, Liu S, Li H, Tong L, et al. Application of the Delphi Method in the construction of an evaluating and Grading Scale for Evidence of Disease Prevention and Treatment in Ancient books of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2022. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1155/​2022/​3674663.CrossRef
30.
Li J, Xu M, Jiang Y. Building a personalized patient education model for general practice by Delphi method. Fam Pract. 2023;40(1):105–12.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Lin Z, Shen W, Yan T, et al. A team approach to applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation set in clinical evaluation. J Rehabil Med. 2021;53(1):jrm00147.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Xu H, Dong C, Yang Y, Sun H. Developing a professional competence framework for the master of nursing specialist degree program in China: a modified Delphi study. Nurs Educ Today. 2022;118:105524.CrossRef
33.
Shie AJ, Wu WF, Yang M, Li H. Design and process optimization of combined medical and elderly care services: an integrated service blueprint-TRIZ model. Front Public Health. 2022;10:965443.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
34.
Goos-Peek N, De Lange GD, Diraoui SB, van Maarschalkerweerd WWA, de Jonghe A. The added value of clinical geriatric assessment prior to geriatric rehabilitation. Neth J Med. 2017;75(10):443–7.PubMed
35.
Tu SW, Nyulas CI, Tudorache T, Musen MA, Martinuzzi A, van Gool C, et al. Toward a Harmonized WHO Family of International classifications Content Model. Stud Health Technol Inf. 2020;270:1409–10.
36.
Dorjbal D, Cieza A, Gmünder HP, Scheel-Sailer A, Stucki G, Prodinger B, et al. Strengthening quality of care through standardized reporting based on the World Health Organization’s reference classifications. IntT J Qual Hhealth C. 2016;28(5):626–33.CrossRef
37.
Gao Y, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao J, Dong Z, Zhang J, et al. Disability assessment in stroke: relationship among the pictorial-based Longshi Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale. Clin RehabilL. 2021;35(4):606–13.CrossRef
38.
Liu X, Zhou M, Zhao J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Functional independence and disability evaluation in Stroke patients: optimal cutoff scores for a pictorial-based Longshi Scale, Barthel Index, and Modified Rankin Scale. Front Neurol. 2022;13:710852.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
39.
Diamond IR, Grant RC, Feldman BM, Pencharz PB, Ling SC, Moore AM, et al. Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. J Cllin Epidemiol. 2014;67(4):401–9.CrossRef
40.
Bai X, Gan X, Yang R, Zhang C, Luo X, Chen S. Construction of a competency evaluation index system for front-line nurses during the outbreak of major infectious diseases: a Delphi study. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(7):e0270902.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
41.
Collier J, Mackinlay D, Phillips D. Norm values for the generic children’s quality of life measure (GCQ) from a large school-based sample. Qual Life Res. 2000;9(6):617–23.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Ahmadi Z, Igelström H, Sandberg J, Sundh J, Sköld M, Ekström M, et al. Agreement of the modified Medical Research Council and New York Heart Association scales for assessing the impact of self-rated breathlessness in cardiopulmonary disease. ERJ Open Res. 2022;8(1). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1183/​23120541.​00460-2021.
43.
Yasui H, Inui N, Karayama M, Mori K, Hozumi H, Suda T, et al. Correlation of the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale with airway structure assessed by three-dimensional CT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Resp Med. 2019;146:76–80.CrossRef
44.
Kim YS, Han SH, Hwang JH, Park JM, Lee J, Nam JW, et al. Development of the Korean framework for senior-friendly hospitals: a Delphi study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):528.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
45.
Murphy F, Doody O, Lyons R, Gallen A, Nolan M, Sezgin D, et al. The development of nursing quality care process Metrics and indicators for use in older persons care settings: a Delphi-Consensus Study. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(12):3471–84.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Doody O, Murphy F, Lyons R, Gallen A, Ryan J, Sezgin D, et al. Development of nursing quality care process metrics and indicators for intellectual disability services: a literature review and modified Delphi consensus study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):909.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
47.
Kotecha A, Longstaff S, Azuara-Blanco A. Developing standards for the development of glaucoma virtual clinics using a modified Delphi approach. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(4):531–4.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Li L, Wu S, Wang J, Wang C, Zuo W, Song J, et al. Development of the Emoji faces Pain Scale and its validation on Mobile devices in adult surgery patients: longitudinal observational study. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e41189.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Development of the assessment standards of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Geriatric Core Set through a modified Delphi method
Authors
Malan Zhang
Yan Gao
Jingjing Xue
Kun Li
Lifang Zhang
Jiani Yu
Tiebin Yan
Xiaohui Hou
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Geriatrics / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2318
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04816-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

BMC Geriatrics 1/2024 Go to the issue

Research

Association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults

Research

The experience of feeling old after a fragility fracture

Research

An exploratory study on material deprivation and loneliness among older adults in Hong Kong

Research

Effects of square dance exercise on cognitive function in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: the mediating role of balance ability and executive function

Research

Development and validation of cognitive ageing risk score (CARS) for early detection of subtle cognitive deficits in older people

Research

Effect of home-based lifestyle interventions on cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits