Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Sleep and Breathing
Published in: Sleep and Breathing 2/2013

01-05-2013 | Original Article

Depressive symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

Authors: Jorge Rey de Castro, Edmundo Rosales-Mayor

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 2/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of depressive symptoms in Peruvian patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea (OSAH) and the association between the presence of depressive symptoms and OSAH severity.

Methods

Physical examination, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were applied, and a polysomnography test was performed.

Results

Data on 312 patients, 12 % females, 46.1 ± 11.7 years of age, were analyzed. BDI and ESS scores were 8.3 ± 5.7 and 9.8 ± 5.5, respectively. A total of 244 (78 %) patients had OSAH: 27 % of the cases were mild, 23 % were moderate, and 50 % were severe. Eighteen percent of the population had depression. A univariate analysis found a relationship between depressive symptoms and OSAH, as well as with some polysomnographic variables related to OSAH severity. The association between depression and OSAH was not significant in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

No association was found between depressive symptoms and OSAH.
Literature
1.
Schlosshan D, Elliott MW (2004) Sleep. 3: Clinical presentation and diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. Thorax 59(4):347–352PubMedCrossRef
2.
Grupo Español de Sueño (2005) Consenso nacional sobre Síndrome de Apneas-Hipopneas del Sueño. Arch Bronconeumol 41(Supl 4):1–110
3.
Engleman HM, Douglas NJ (2004) Sleep. 4: Sleepiness, cognitive function, and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Thorax 59(7):618–622PubMedCrossRef
4.
Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 328(17):1230–1235PubMedCrossRef
5.
Duran J, Esnaola S, Rubio R, De la Torre G (2000) Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea in the elderly. A population-based study in the general population aged 71–100. Eur Respir J 16:167S, Annual Meeting of ERS, 2000, Madrid
6.
Duran J, Esnaola S, Rubio R, Iztueta A (2001) Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 yr. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(3 Pt 1):685–689PubMedCrossRef
7.
Bardwell WA, Moore P, Ancoli-Israel S, Dimsdale JE (2003) Fatigue in obstructive sleep apnea: driven by depressive symptoms instead of apnea severity? Am J Psychiatry 160(2):350–355PubMedCrossRef
8.
Mills PJ, Kim JH, Bardwell W, Hong S, Dimsdale JE (2008) Predictors of fatigue in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 12(4):397–399PubMedCrossRef
9.
Bedard MA, Montplaisir J, Richer F, Rouleau I, Malo J (1991) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: pathogenesis of neuropsychological deficits. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 13(6):950–964PubMedCrossRef
10.
American Psychiatric Association., American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM-IV (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
11.
Ohayon MM (2007) Epidemiology of depression and its treatment in the general population. J Psychiatr Res 41(3–4):207–213PubMedCrossRef
12.
Harris M, Glozier N, Ratnavadivel R, Grunstein RR (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea and depression. Sleep Med Rev 13(6):437–444PubMedCrossRef
13.
Saunamaki T, Jehkonen M (2007) Depression and anxiety in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review. Acta Neurol Scand 116(5):277–288PubMedCrossRef
14.
Ohayon MM (2003) The effects of breathing-related sleep disorders on mood disturbances in the general population. J Clin Psychiatry 64(10):1195–1200, quiz, 274–6PubMedCrossRef
15.
16.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush AJ, Walters EE, Wang PS (2003) The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Jama 289(23):3095–3105PubMedCrossRef
17.
Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Berglund P, Bijl RV, De Graaf R, Vollebergh W, Dragomirecka E, Kohn R, Keller M, Kessler RC, Kawakami N, Kilic C, Offord D, Ustun TB, Wittchen HU (2003) The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 12(1):3–21PubMedCrossRef
18.
Rondon MB (2006) Mental health: a public health problem in Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 23(4):237–238
19.
Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:561–571PubMedCrossRef
20.
Rosales-Mayor E, Rey de Castro J, Huayanay L, Zagaceta K (2012) Validation and modification of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Peruvian population. Sleep Breath 16(1):59–69PubMedCrossRef
21.
Ferber R, Millman R, Coppola M, Fleetham J, Murray CF, Iber C, McCall V, Nino-Murcia G, Pressman M, Sanders M, Strohl K, Votteri B, Williams A (1994) Portable recording in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea. ASDA standards of practice. Sleep 17(4):378–392PubMed
22.
Rechtschaffen A, Kales AA (1968) A manual of standardized terminology techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Services-National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Neurological Information Network, Bethesda, NIH publication no. 204
23.
American Sleep Disorders Association (1992) EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Sleep 15(2):173–184
24.
Sanders MH, Black J, Costantino JP, Kern N, Studnicki K, Coates J (1991) Diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing by half-night polysomnography. Am Rev Respir Dis 144(6):1256–1261PubMedCrossRef
25.
Khawaja IS, Olson EJ, van der Walt C, Bukartyk J, Somers V, Dierkhising R, Morgenthaler TI (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of split-night polysomnograms. J Clin Sleep Med 6(4):357–362PubMed
26.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005) The international classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual, 2nd edn. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester
27.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory: manual, 2nd edn. Harcourt, Brace, and Company, Boston
28.
Conde Lopez V, Franch Valverde JI (1984) Escalas de evaluación comportamental para la cuantificación de la sintomatología psicopatológica en los trastornos angustiosos y depresivos. Trébol
29.
Conde V, Useros E (1975) Adaptación castellana de la escala de evaluación coductual para la depresión de Beck. Rev Psiquiatr Psicol Med Eur Am Lat 12(4):217–236
30.
Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 14(6):540–545PubMed
31.
Johns M, Hocking B (1997) Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers. Sleep 20(10):844–849PubMed
32.
Macey PM, Woo MA, Kumar R, Cross RL, Harper RM (2010) Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity and sleep, depression and anxiety symptoms in newly-diagnosed patients. PLoS One 5(4):e10211PubMedCrossRef
33.
Jackson ML, Stough C, Howard ME, Spong J, Downey LA, Thompson B (2011) The contribution of fatigue and sleepiness to depression in patients attending the sleep laboratory for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 15(3):439–445PubMedCrossRef
34.
Ishman SL, Cavey RM, Mettel TL, Gourin CG (2010) Depression, sleepiness, and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope 120(11):2331–2335PubMedCrossRef
35.
Dominici M, Gomes Mda M (2009) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depressive symptoms. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 67(1):35–39PubMedCrossRef
36.
Peppard PE, Szklo-Coxe M, Hla KM, Young T (2006) Longitudinal association of sleep-related breathing disorder and depression. Arch Intern Med 166(16):1709–1715PubMedCrossRef
37.
Balsevicius T, Uloza V, Sakalauskas R, Miliauskas S (2011) Peculiarities of clinical profile of snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome patients. Sleep Breath. doi:10.​1007/​s11325-011-0584-z
38.
Wheaton AG, Perry GS, Chapman DP, Croft JB (2012) Sleep disordered breathing and depression among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008. Sleep 35(4):461–467PubMed
39.
Rosen IM, Gimotty PA, Shea JA, Bellini LM (2006) Evolution of sleep quantity, sleep deprivation, mood disturbances, empathy, and burnout among interns. Acad Med 81(1):82–85PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Depressive symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors
Jorge Rey de Castro
Edmundo Rosales-Mayor
Publication date
01-05-2013
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Sleep and Breathing / Issue 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-012-0731-1

Other articles of this Issue 2/2013

Sleep and Breathing 2/2013 Go to the issue

Original Article

Obstructive sleep apnea and acute myocardial infarction severity: ischemic preconditioning?

Original Article

Breathing irregularity during wakefulness associates with CPAP acceptance in sleep apnea

Original Article

Assessment of a wireless headband for automatic sleep scoring

Original Article

Oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Original Article

Manual vs. automated analysis of polysomnographic recordings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Original Article

Can we get more from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) than just a single score?
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Pediatric Cardiology Video

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

Cardiopulmonary Comorbidity Video

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Valvular Heart Disease Video

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits