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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Cytokines | Research article

Forced treadmill running reduces systemic inflammation yet worsens upper limb discomfort in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders

Authors: Tianqi Tenchi Gao Smith, Ann E. Barr-Gillespie, David M. Klyne, Michelle Y. Harris, Mamta Amin, Ryan W. Paul, Geneva E. Cruz, Huaqing Zhao, Sean Gallagher, Mary F. Barbe

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders can result from prolonged repetitive and/or forceful movements. Performance of an upper extremity high repetition high force task increases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upper extremity sensorimotor declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Since one of the most efficacious treatments for musculoskeletal pain is exercise, this study investigated the effectiveness of treadmill running in preventing these responses.

Methods

Twenty-nine young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nineteen were trained for 5 weeks to pull a lever bar at high force (15 min/day). Thirteen went on to perform a high repetition high force reaching and lever-pulling task for 10 weeks (10-wk HRHF; 2 h/day, 3 days/wk). From this group, five were randomly selected to undergo forced treadmill running exercise (TM) during the last 6 weeks of task performance (10-wk HRHF+TM, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk). Results were compared to 10 control rats and 6 rats that underwent 6 weeks of treadmill running following training only (TR-then-TM). Voluntary task and reflexive sensorimotor behavioral outcomes were assessed. Serum was assayed for inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone, reach limb median nerves for CD68+ macrophages and extraneural thickening, and reach limb flexor digitorum muscles and tendons for pathological changes.

Results

10-wk HRHF rats had higher serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα, than control rats. In the 10-wk HRHF+TM group, IL-1β and TNFα were lower, whereas IL-10 and corticosterone were higher, compared to 10-wk HRHF only rats. Unexpectedly, several voluntary task performance outcomes (grasp force, reach success, and participation) worsened in rats that underwent treadmill running, compared to untreated 10-wk HRHF rats. Examination of forelimb tissues revealed lower cellularity within the flexor digitorum epitendon but higher numbers of CD68+ macrophages within and extraneural fibrosis around median nerves in 10-wk HRHF+TM than 10-wk HRHF rats.

Conclusions

Treadmill running was associated with lower systemic inflammation and moderate tendinosis, yet higher median nerve inflammation/fibrosis and worse task performance and sensorimotor behaviors. Continued loading of the injured tissues in addition to stress-related factors associated with forced running/exercise likely contributed to our findings.
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Metadata
Title
Forced treadmill running reduces systemic inflammation yet worsens upper limb discomfort in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors
Tianqi Tenchi Gao Smith
Ann E. Barr-Gillespie
David M. Klyne
Michelle Y. Harris
Mamta Amin
Ryan W. Paul
Geneva E. Cruz
Huaqing Zhao
Sean Gallagher
Mary F. Barbe
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Cytokines
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-3085-z

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