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Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Coxsackievirus | Research article

Two Coxsackievirus B3 outbreaks associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in China and the evolutionary history worldwide

Authors: Zhenzhi Han, Yong Zhang, Keqiang Huang, Jianxing Wang, Huifang Tian, Yang Song, Qian Yang, Dongmei Yan, Shuangli Zhu, Mingxiao Yao, Xianjun Wang, Wenbo Xu

Published in: BMC Infectious Diseases | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is usually associated with aseptic meningitis and myocarditis; however, the association between CV-B3 and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has not been clearly demonstrated, and the phylogenetic dynamics and transmission history of CV-B3 have not been well summarized.

Method

Two HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-B3 were described in Hebei Province in 2012 and in Shandong Province in 2016 in China. To analyze the epidemiological features of two CV-B3 outbreaks, a retrospective analysis was conducted. All clinical specimens from CV-B3 outbreaks were collected and disposed according to the standard procedures supported by the WHO Global Poliovirus Specialized Laboratory. EV genotyping and phylogenetic analysis were performed to illustrate the genetic characteristics of CV-B3 in China and worldwide.

Results

Two transmissible lineages (lineage 2 and 3) were observed in Northern China, which acted as an important “reservoir” for the transmission of CV-B3. Sporadic exporting and importing of cases were observed in almost all regions. In addition, the global sequences of CV-B3 showed a tendency of geographic-specific clustering, indicating that geographic-driven adaptation plays a major role in the diversification and evolution of CV-B3.

Conclusions

Overall, our study indicated that CV-B3 is a causative agent of HFMD outbreak and revealed the phylogenetic dynamics of CV-B3 worldwide, as well as provided an insight on CV-B3 outbreaks for effective intervention and countermeasures.
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Metadata
Title
Two Coxsackievirus B3 outbreaks associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in China and the evolutionary history worldwide
Authors
Zhenzhi Han
Yong Zhang
Keqiang Huang
Jianxing Wang
Huifang Tian
Yang Song
Qian Yang
Dongmei Yan
Shuangli Zhu
Mingxiao Yao
Xianjun Wang
Wenbo Xu
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4107-z

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