Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Consequences of orthodontic treatment in malocclusion patients: clinical and microbial effects in adults and children

Authors: Li Guo, Ying Feng, Hong-Gang Guo, Bo-Wen Liu, Yang Zhang

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Malocclusion is a common disease of oral and maxillofacial region. The study was aimed to investigate levels changes of periodontal pathogens in malocclusion patients before, during and after orthodontic treatments, and to confirm the difference between adults and children.

Method

One hundred and eight malocclusion patients (46 adults and 62 children at the school-age) were randomly selected and received orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Subgingival plaques were Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) collected from the observed regions before and after treatment. Clinical indexes, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) of observed teeth were examined.

Results

The detection rates of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis increased from baseline to the third month without significant difference, and then returned to pretreatment levels 12 month after applying fixed orthodontic appliances. Adults’ percentage contents of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis were significantly higher than those of children at baseline and the first month, but not obvious at the third month. PLI and SBI were increased from baseline to the first and to the third month both in adults and children groups. Besides, PD were increased from baseline to first month, followed by a downward trend in the third month; however, all patients were failed to detect with AL.

Conclusions

Periodontal and microbiological statuses of malocclusion patients may be influenced by fixed orthodontic appliances in both adults and children, more significant in children than in adults. Some microbiological indexes have synchronous trend with the clinical indexes. Long-term efficacy of fixed orthodontic appliances for malocclusion should be confirmed by future researches.
Literature
1.
Golden BA, Baldwin C, Sherwood C, Abdelbaky O, Phillips C, Offenbacher S, White Jr RP. Monitoring for periodontal inflammatory disease in the third molar region. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73(4):595–9.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Price JB, Thaw KL, Tyndall DA, Ludlow JB, Padilla RJ. Incidental findings from cone beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region: a descriptive retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(11):1261–8.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Scala A, Auconi P, Scazzocchio M, Caldarelli G, McNamara JA, Franchi L. Using networks to understand medical data: the case of Class III malocclusions. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44521.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Ehsani S, Nebbe B, Normando D, Lagravere MO, Flores-Mir C. Dental and skeletal changes in mild to moderate Class II malocclusions treated by either a Twin-block or Xbow appliance followed by full fixed orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2015;85(6):997–1002.
5.
Abed Al Jawad F, Cunningham SJ, Croft N, Johal A. A qualitative study of the early effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on dietary intake and behaviour in adolescent patients. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34(4):432–6.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zanatta FB, Ardenghi TM, Antoniazzi RP, Pinto TM, Rosing CK. Association between gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects under fixed orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Khanpayeh E, Jafari AA, Tabatabaei Z. Comparison of salivary Candida profile in patients with fixed and removable orthodontic appliances therapy. Iran J Microbiol. 2014;6(4):263–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Behr M, Zeman F, Baitinger T, Galler J, Koller M, Handel G, Rosentritt M. The clinical performance of porcelain-fused-to-metal precious alloy single crowns: chipping, recurrent caries, periodontitis, and loss of retention. Int J Prosthodont. 2014;27(2):153–60.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Liu P, Liu Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Xiao S. Detection of fusobacterium nucleatum and fadA adhesin gene in patients with orthodontic gingivitis and non-orthodontic periodontal inflammation. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85280.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Yang NY, Zhang Q, Li JL, Yang SH, Shi Q. Progression of periodontal inflammation in adolescents is associated with increased number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2014;24(3):226–33.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Xiao S. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis four rag locus genotypes in patients of orthodontic gingivitis and periodontitis. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61028.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
Bizzini B, Pizzo G, Scapagnini G, Nuzzo D, Vasto S. Probiotics and oral health. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(34):5522–31.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Grabowski R, Stahl F, Gaebel M, Kundt G. Relationship between occlusal findings and orofacial myofunctional status in primary and mixed dentition. Part I: prevalence of malocclusions. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(1):26–37.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Oliveira AC, Paiva SM, Campos MR, Czeresnia D. Factors associated with malocclusions in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(4):489 e1–8.CrossRef
15.
Sllness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121–35.CrossRef
16.
Al-Nawas B, Bragger U, Meijer HJ, Naert I, Persson R, Perucchi A, Quirynen M, Raghoebar GM, Reichert TE, Romeo E, et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Titanium-13Zirconium versus Titanium Grade IV small-diameter bone level implants in edentulous mandibles--results from a 1-year observation period. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(6):896–904.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Schwarz F, John G, Mainusch S, Sahm N, Becker J. Combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis evaluating two methods of surface debridement and decontamination. A two-year clinical follow up report. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(8):789–97.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Haas AN, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, Rosing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Pattern and rate of progression of periodontal attachment loss in an urban population of South Brazil: a 5-years population-based prospective study. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(1):1–9.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Eick S, Straube A, Guentsch A, Pfister W, Jentsch H. Comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and DNA-strip technology in microbiological evaluation of periodontitis treatment. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;69(1):12–20.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Patterson JL, Stull-Lane A, Girerd PH, Jefferson KK. Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis-associated anaerobes. Microbiology. 2010;156(Pt 2):392–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Okamoto M, Maeda N, Kondo K, Leung KP. Hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999;178(2):299–304.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Cortelli JR, Pinheiro RMS, Costa FDO, Aquino DR, Raslan SA, Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Pinheiro RMS, Costa FDO, Aquino DR. Salivary and microbiological parameters of chronic periodontitis subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study. Revodontolunesp. 2014;43(3):196–202.
23.
Choi SH, Kim BI, Cha JY, Hwang CJ. Impact of malocclusion and common oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(5):587–95.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Aldrigui JM, Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bonecker M, Raggio DP. Impact of traumatic dental injuries and malocclusions on quality of life of young children. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:78.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Chen CH, Wang TY, Tsay PK, Lai JB, Chen CT, Liao HT, Lin CH, Chen YR. A 162-case review of palatal fracture: management strategy from a 10-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(6):2065–73.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Adler CJ, Dobney K, Weyrich LS, Kaidonis J, Walker AW, Haak W, Bradshaw CJ, Townsend G, Soltysiak A, Alt KW, et al. Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions. Nat Genet. 2013;45(4):450–5. 5e1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Takahashi N, Nyvad B. The role of bacteria in the caries process: ecological perspectives. J Dent Res. 2011;90(3):294–303.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Potârnichie O, Solomon S, Păsărin L, Mârțu A, Ursărescu I, Niţescu DC, Mârțu S. Statistical study regarding the prevalence of the periodontal pathology on the teenager patient. Romanian J Oral Rehabilit. 2013;5(2):80.
29.
Mackenzie CS, Erickson J, Deane FP, Wright M. Changes in attitudes toward seeking mental health services: a 40-year cross-temporal meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014;34(2):99–106.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Wardh I, Jonsson M, Wikstrom M. Attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel--an area in need of improvement. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e787–92.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Gambhir RS, Sohi RK, Nanda T, Sawhney GS, Setia S. Impact of school based oral health education programmes in India: a systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):3107–10.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
33.
Gupta M, Kandula S, Laxmikanth SM, Vyavahare SS, Reddy SB, Ramachandra CS. Controlling pain during orthodontic fixed appliance therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Orofac Orthop. 2014;75(6):471–6.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Sharma NC, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Galustians J, Schuller R. Effect of a dental water jet with orthodontic tip on plaque and bleeding in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(4):565–71. quiz 628 e1-2.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Shaffer JR, Polk DE, Wang X, Feingold E, Weeks DE, Lee MK, Cuenco KT, Weyant RJ, Crout RJ, McNeil DW, et al. Genome-wide association study of periodontal health measured by probing depth in adults ages 18–49 years. G3 (Bethesda). 2014;4(2):307–14.CrossRef
36.
Ishihata K, Wakabayashi N, Wadachi J, Akizuki T, Izumi Y, Takakuda K, Igarashi Y. Reproducibility of probing depth measurement by an experimental periodontal probe incorporating optical fiber sensor. J Periodontol. 2012;83(2):222–7.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Consequences of orthodontic treatment in malocclusion patients: clinical and microbial effects in adults and children
Authors
Li Guo
Ying Feng
Hong-Gang Guo
Bo-Wen Liu
Yang Zhang
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0308-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Oral Health 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

The effect of tooth brushing, irrigation, and topical tetracycline administration on the reduction of oral bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary study

Research article

Social gradient in the cost of oral pain and related dental service utilisation among South African adults

Research article

Smoking status, dental visits and receipt of tobacco counseling in dental office among mobile and trailer home adolescents

Research article

Effect of a school-based oral health education in preventing untreated dental caries and increasing knowledge, attitude, and practices among adolescents in Bangladesh

Erratum

Erratum to: An oral health optimized diet can reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation in humans - a randomized controlled pilot study

Debate

A plea for the development of an universally accepted modular tooth wear evaluation system