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01-12-2024 | Conjunctivitis | Original Paper

Actinic conjunctivitis and its relationship with prurigo in an indigenous population from the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Authors: Jimena Alamillo-Velazquez, Gustavo Ortiz-Morales, Sergio E. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Daniel F. Lopez-Altamirano, Alejandro Rodríguez-Garcia

Published in: International Ophthalmology | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Purpose

Actinic conjunctivitis (AC), along with cheilitis (AChe), is part of the clinical spectrum of actinic prurigo (AP), a rare photo dermatosis that affects high-risk populations. We analyzed the clinical manifestations and onset of actinic conjunctivitis (AC), and its relationship with prurigo (AP) in a susceptible population.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study was performed on Indigenous populations from the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Thorough dermatological and ophthalmological examinations were performed in patients attending a primary health care center. The clinical features, labor and environmental factors, onset timing, and clinical staging of AC and AP were analyzed.

Results

Of the 2913 patients studied, 54 patients (108 eyes) (1.8%) had AC, and 14 patients (25.9%) had AP. The mean age at diagnosis was 36.18 ± 18.52 years (6–70 years). The mean residential altitude was 1884 ± 434.2 m above sea level. Mean self-reported sun exposure was 5.14 ± 3.1 h a day (0.5—12 h). A total of 90.7% reported exposure to biomass fuels during cooking, and 50% to farm animals. AC was the sole manifestation in 70% of the cases. All patients had nasal and temporal photo-exposed conjunctiva. Among the eyes, 12.9% were classified as stage-1, 64.8% as stage-2, and 22.2% stage-3. A total of 83.3% of the patients had hyperpigmented lesions, and 35.1% had evaporative dry eye disease.

Conclusions

AC may be the initial or sole manifestation of AP. Most AC cases (87%) were initially observed at the advanced stages of the disease. Although solar exposure was not associated with late AC stages, a positive association was found with farm animal exposure. Evaporative dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction has not been previously reported in patients with AC.

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Title: Actinic conjunctivitis and its relationship with prurigo in an indigenous population from the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Jimena Alamillo-Velazquez
Gustavo Ortiz-Morales
Sergio E. Gonzalez-Gonzalez
Daniel F. Lopez-Altamirano
Alejandro Rodríguez-Garcia
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Keyword: Conjunctivitis
Published in: International Ophthalmology / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0165-5701
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2630
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-02925-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Actinic conjunctivitis and its relationship with prurigo in an indigenous population from the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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