Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research

Comparing and optimizing ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems use for patient room terminal disinfection: an exploratory study using radiometry and commercial test cards

Authors: Vincent Masse, Michael J. Hartley, Michael B. Edmond, Daniel J. Diekema

Published in: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems are gaining popularity, however objective comparisons of their characteristics are lacking. While environmental cultures and reduction of hospital-associated infections rates are excellent study endpoints, they are impractical for centers with limited resources who want to compare or optimize UVGI systems use.

Methods

We evaluated radiometry and commercial test cards, two simple and low cost tools, to compare 2 full size UVGI systems (Tru-D and Optimum-UV Enlight) and 2 small units (Lumalier EDU 435 and MRSA-UV Turbo-UV).

Results

Radiometry-derived output curves show that if both large devices emit enough energy to reach C. difficile lethal doses at 10 ft, the reduction in output in distance is almost perfectly logarithmic. In a patient room environment, Enlight and Tru-D performed similarly when compared using radiometry and commercial test cards. The two small devices reached C. difficile range around the bathroom with the device raised above the floor, but longer times are needed.

Conclusions

Despite different workflows and price points, no clear superiority emerges between Tru-D and Enlight. Bathroom disinfection should be dealt with separately from the main room and small, cheaper units can be used. Radiometry and commercial test cards are promising ways to compare UVGI systems, but further validation is needed using correlation with environmental cultures.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Otter, J., Yezli, S., Salkeld, J., & French, G. Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings. Am J Infect Control May 2013; 41(5 Suppl.), S6-S11. Otter, J., Yezli, S., Salkeld, J., & French, G. Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings. Am J Infect Control May 2013; 41(5 Suppl.), S6-S11.
2.
go back to reference Mitchell, B., Dancer, S. A., & Dehn, E. Risk of organism acquisition from prior room occupants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect November 2015; 91(3), 211–217. Mitchell, B., Dancer, S. A., & Dehn, E. Risk of organism acquisition from prior room occupants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect November 2015; 91(3), 211–217.
3.
go back to reference Carling, P., Parry, M., Bruno-Murtha, L., & Dick, D. Improving environmental hygiene in 27 intensive care units to decrease multidrug-resistant bacterial transmission. Crit Care Med April 2010; 38(4), 1054–1059. Carling, P., Parry, M., Bruno-Murtha, L., & Dick, D. Improving environmental hygiene in 27 intensive care units to decrease multidrug-resistant bacterial transmission. Crit Care Med April 2010; 38(4), 1054–1059.
4.
go back to reference Weber, DJ, Rutala, W., Anderson, D., Chen, L., Sickbert-Bennett, E., & Boyce, J. Effectiveness of ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems for terminal room decontamination: focus on clinical trials. Am J Infect Control May 2016; 44(5 Suppl.), e77-e84. Weber, DJ, Rutala, W., Anderson, D., Chen, L., Sickbert-Bennett, E., & Boyce, J. Effectiveness of ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems for terminal room decontamination: focus on clinical trials. Am J Infect Control May 2016; 44(5 Suppl.), e77-e84.
5.
go back to reference Marra AR, Schweizer ML, Edmond MB. No touch disinfection methods to decrease multi-drug resistant organism infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. January 2018;39(1):20–31.CrossRefPubMed Marra AR, Schweizer ML, Edmond MB. No touch disinfection methods to decrease multi-drug resistant organism infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. January 2018;39(1):20–31.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Anderson D, Chen L, Weber D, Moerhing RW, et al. enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium Difficile (the benefits of enhanced terminal room disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):805–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Anderson D, Chen L, Weber D, Moerhing RW, et al. enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium Difficile (the benefits of enhanced terminal room disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):805–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Cowan T. Need for uniform standards covering UV-C based antimicrobial disinfection devices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol August 2016; 37(8), 1000–1001. Cowan T. Need for uniform standards covering UV-C based antimicrobial disinfection devices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol August 2016; 37(8), 1000–1001.
8.
go back to reference Cadnum, J., Thomas, M., Sankar, T., Jencson, A., Matthew, J., Kundrapu, S., & Donskey, C. Effect of variation in test methods on performance of ultraviolet-C radiation room decontamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol May 2016; 37(5) 555–560. Cadnum, J., Thomas, M., Sankar, T., Jencson, A., Matthew, J., Kundrapu, S., & Donskey, C. Effect of variation in test methods on performance of ultraviolet-C radiation room decontamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol May 2016; 37(5) 555–560.
9.
go back to reference Wong T., Woznow, T, Petrie, M., Murzello, E. M., Kadora, A., & Bryce, E. Post discharge decontamination of MRSA, VRE, and Clostridium Difficile isolation rooms using 2 commercially available automated ultraviolet-C–emitting devices. Am J Infect Control April 2016; 44, 416–420. Wong T., Woznow, T, Petrie, M., Murzello, E. M., Kadora, A., & Bryce, E. Post discharge decontamination of MRSA, VRE, and Clostridium Difficile isolation rooms using 2 commercially available automated ultraviolet-C–emitting devices. Am J Infect Control April 2016; 44, 416–420.
10.
go back to reference Nerandzic, M., Fisher, C., & Donskey, C. Sorting through the wealth of options: comparative evaluation of two ultraviolet disinfection systems. PLoS One September 2014; 9(9), e107444. Nerandzic, M., Fisher, C., & Donskey, C. Sorting through the wealth of options: comparative evaluation of two ultraviolet disinfection systems. PLoS One September 2014; 9(9), e107444.
11.
go back to reference Spencer M, Vignari M, Bryce E, Johnson H, Fauerbach L, Graham D. A model for choosing an automated ultraviolet-C disinfection system and building a case for the C-suite: two case reports. Am J Infect Control. March 2017;45(3):288–92.CrossRefPubMed Spencer M, Vignari M, Bryce E, Johnson H, Fauerbach L, Graham D. A model for choosing an automated ultraviolet-C disinfection system and building a case for the C-suite: two case reports. Am J Infect Control. March 2017;45(3):288–92.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Nerandzic M, Cadnum J, Pulz M, Donskey C. Evaluation of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for decontamination of Clostridium Difficile and other healthcare-associated pathogens in hospital rooms. BMC Infect Dis. July 2010;10(197):1–8. Nerandzic M, Cadnum J, Pulz M, Donskey C. Evaluation of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for decontamination of Clostridium Difficile and other healthcare-associated pathogens in hospital rooms. BMC Infect Dis. July 2010;10(197):1–8.
13.
go back to reference Rutala W, Gergen M, Weber D. Room decontamination with UV radiation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. October 2010;31(10):1025–9.CrossRefPubMed Rutala W, Gergen M, Weber D. Room decontamination with UV radiation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. October 2010;31(10):1025–9.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Lindsley W.G., McClelland T.L., Neu D.T., Martin S.B. Jr., Mead K.R. & Noti J.D. J Occup Environ Hyg 2018; 15(1), 1–12. Lindsley W.G., McClelland T.L., Neu D.T., Martin S.B. Jr., Mead K.R. & Noti J.D. J Occup Environ Hyg 2018; 15(1), 1–12.
16.
go back to reference Jelden K, Gibbs S, Smith P, Hewlet A, Iwen P, Schmid K, Lowe J. Comparison of hospital room surface disinfection. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2016;13(9):690–8. Jelden K, Gibbs S, Smith P, Hewlet A, Iwen P, Schmid K, Lowe J. Comparison of hospital room surface disinfection. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2016;13(9):690–8.
17.
go back to reference JJelden K, Gibbs S, Smith P, Hewlett A, Iwen P, Schmid K, Lowe J. Ultraviolet (UV)-reflective paint with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) improves decontamination of nosocomial bacteria on hospital room surfaces. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2017;14(6):456–60. JJelden K, Gibbs S, Smith P, Hewlett A, Iwen P, Schmid K, Lowe J. Ultraviolet (UV)-reflective paint with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) improves decontamination of nosocomial bacteria on hospital room surfaces. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2017;14(6):456–60.
Metadata
Title
Comparing and optimizing ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems use for patient room terminal disinfection: an exploratory study using radiometry and commercial test cards
Authors
Vincent Masse
Michael J. Hartley
Michael B. Edmond
Daniel J. Diekema
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 2047-2994
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0317-1

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 1/2018 Go to the issue
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.