Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Angiogenesis 4/2015

Open Access 01-10-2015 | Review Paper

Combining radiotherapy with sunitinib: lessons (to be) learned

Authors: Esther A. Kleibeuker, Matthijs A. ten Hooven, Henk M. Verheul, Ben J. Slotman, Victor L. Thijssen

Published in: Angiogenesis | Issue 4/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

To improve the efficacy of radiotherapy (RTx), there is a growing interest in combining RTx with drugs that inhibit angiogenesis, i.e., the process of neo-vessel formation out of preexisting capillaries. A frequently used drug to inhibit angiogenesis is sunitinib (Sutent, SU11248), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of several cancer types. The current review presents an overview of the preclinical studies and clinical trials that combined sunitinib with RTx. We discuss the findings from preclinical and clinical observations with a focus on dose scheduling and commonly reported toxicities. In addition, the effects of combination therapy on tumor response and patient survival are described. Finally, the lessons learned from preclinical and clinical studies are summarized and opportunities and pitfalls for future clinical trials are presented.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bernier J, Hall EJ, Giaccia A (2004) Radiation oncology: a century of achievements. Nat Rev Cancer 4:737–747CrossRefPubMed Bernier J, Hall EJ, Giaccia A (2004) Radiation oncology: a century of achievements. Nat Rev Cancer 4:737–747CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Delaney G, Jacob S, Featherstone C, Barton M (2005) The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a review of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Cancer 104:1129–1137CrossRefPubMed Delaney G, Jacob S, Featherstone C, Barton M (2005) The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a review of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Cancer 104:1129–1137CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Begg AC, Stewart FA, Vens C (2011) Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs. Nat Rev Cancer 11:239–253CrossRefPubMed Begg AC, Stewart FA, Vens C (2011) Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs. Nat Rev Cancer 11:239–253CrossRefPubMed
4.
5.
go back to reference Jain RK (2005) Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 307:58–62CrossRefPubMed Jain RK (2005) Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 307:58–62CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Dings RP, Loren M, Heun H, McNiel E, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Griffin RJ (2007) Scheduling of radiation with angiogenesis inhibitors anginex and avastin improves therapeutic outcome via vessel normalization. Clin Cancer Res 13:3395–3402PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Dings RP, Loren M, Heun H, McNiel E, Griffioen AW, Mayo KH, Griffin RJ (2007) Scheduling of radiation with angiogenesis inhibitors anginex and avastin improves therapeutic outcome via vessel normalization. Clin Cancer Res 13:3395–3402PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Winkler F, Kozin SV, Tong RT, Chae SS, Booth MF, Garkavtsev I, Xu L et al (2004) Kinetics of vascular normalization by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumor response to radiation: role of oxygenation, angiopoietin-1, and matrix metalloproteinases. Cancer Cell 6:553–563PubMed Winkler F, Kozin SV, Tong RT, Chae SS, Booth MF, Garkavtsev I, Xu L et al (2004) Kinetics of vascular normalization by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumor response to radiation: role of oxygenation, angiopoietin-1, and matrix metalloproteinases. Cancer Cell 6:553–563PubMed
8.
go back to reference McGee MC, Hamner JB, Williams RF, Rosati SF, Sims TL, Ng CY, Gaber MW et al (2010) Improved intratumoral oxygenation through vascular normalization increases glioma sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76:1537–1545PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed McGee MC, Hamner JB, Williams RF, Rosati SF, Sims TL, Ng CY, Gaber MW et al (2010) Improved intratumoral oxygenation through vascular normalization increases glioma sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76:1537–1545PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Gorski DH, Mauceri HJ, Salloum RM, Gately S, Hellman S, Beckett MA, Sukhatme VP et al (1998) Potentiation of the antitumor effect of ionizing radiation by brief concomitant exposures to angiostatin. Cancer Res 58:5686–5689PubMed Gorski DH, Mauceri HJ, Salloum RM, Gately S, Hellman S, Beckett MA, Sukhatme VP et al (1998) Potentiation of the antitumor effect of ionizing radiation by brief concomitant exposures to angiostatin. Cancer Res 58:5686–5689PubMed
10.
go back to reference Zips D, Krause M, Hessel F, Westphal J, Bruchner K, Eicheler W, Dorfler A et al (2003) Experimental study on different combination schedules of VEGF-receptor inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 and fractionated irradiation. Anticancer Res 23:3869–3876PubMed Zips D, Krause M, Hessel F, Westphal J, Bruchner K, Eicheler W, Dorfler A et al (2003) Experimental study on different combination schedules of VEGF-receptor inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 and fractionated irradiation. Anticancer Res 23:3869–3876PubMed
11.
go back to reference Cuneo KC, Geng L, Fu A, Orton D, Hallahan DE, Chakravarthy AB (2008) SU11248 (sunitinib) sensitizes pancreatic cancer to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:873–879CrossRefPubMed Cuneo KC, Geng L, Fu A, Orton D, Hallahan DE, Chakravarthy AB (2008) SU11248 (sunitinib) sensitizes pancreatic cancer to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71:873–879CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Faivre S, Demetri G, Sargent W, Raymond E (2007) Molecular basis for sunitinib efficacy and future clinical development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:734–745CrossRefPubMed Faivre S, Demetri G, Sargent W, Raymond E (2007) Molecular basis for sunitinib efficacy and future clinical development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6:734–745CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Mendel DB, Laird AD, Xin X, Louie SG, Christensen JG, Li G, Schreck RE et al (2003) In vivo antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors: determination of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Clin Cancer Res 9:327–337PubMed Mendel DB, Laird AD, Xin X, Louie SG, Christensen JG, Li G, Schreck RE et al (2003) In vivo antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors: determination of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Clin Cancer Res 9:327–337PubMed
14.
go back to reference Aparicio-Gallego G, Blanco M, Figueroa A, Garcia-Campelo R, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Grande-Pulido E, Anton-Aparicio L (2011) New insights into molecular mechanisms of sunitinib-associated side effects. Mol Cancer Ther 10:2215–2223CrossRefPubMed Aparicio-Gallego G, Blanco M, Figueroa A, Garcia-Campelo R, Valladares-Ayerbes M, Grande-Pulido E, Anton-Aparicio L (2011) New insights into molecular mechanisms of sunitinib-associated side effects. Mol Cancer Ther 10:2215–2223CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Schueneman AJ, Himmelfarb E, Geng L, Tan J, Donnelly E, Mendel D, McMahon G et al (2003) SU11248 maintenance therapy prevents tumor regrowth after fractionated irradiation of murine tumor models. Cancer Res 63:4009–4016PubMed Schueneman AJ, Himmelfarb E, Geng L, Tan J, Donnelly E, Mendel D, McMahon G et al (2003) SU11248 maintenance therapy prevents tumor regrowth after fractionated irradiation of murine tumor models. Cancer Res 63:4009–4016PubMed
16.
go back to reference Zhang HP, Takayama K, Su B, Jiao XD, Li R, Wang JJ (2011) Effect of sunitinib combined with ionizing radiation on endothelial cells. J Radiat Res 52:1–8CrossRefPubMed Zhang HP, Takayama K, Su B, Jiao XD, Li R, Wang JJ (2011) Effect of sunitinib combined with ionizing radiation on endothelial cells. J Radiat Res 52:1–8CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference El Kaffas A, Al-Mahrouki A, Tran WT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ (2013) Sunitinib effects on the radiation response of endothelial and breast tumor cells. Microvasc Res El Kaffas A, Al-Mahrouki A, Tran WT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ (2013) Sunitinib effects on the radiation response of endothelial and breast tumor cells. Microvasc Res
18.
go back to reference Zwolak P, Jasinski P, Terai K, Gallus NJ, Ericson ME, Clohisy DR, Dudek AZ (2008) Addition of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor to radiation increases tumour control in an orthotopic murine model of breast cancer metastasis in bone. Eur J Cancer 44:2506–2517CrossRefPubMed Zwolak P, Jasinski P, Terai K, Gallus NJ, Ericson ME, Clohisy DR, Dudek AZ (2008) Addition of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor to radiation increases tumour control in an orthotopic murine model of breast cancer metastasis in bone. Eur J Cancer 44:2506–2517CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Brooks C, Sheu T, Bridges K, Mason K, Kuban D, Mathew P, Meyn R (2012) Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a radiosensitizer for human prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 7:154PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Brooks C, Sheu T, Bridges K, Mason K, Kuban D, Mathew P, Meyn R (2012) Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a radiosensitizer for human prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 7:154PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Hillman GG, Singh-Gupta V, Al-Bashir AK, Yunker CK, Joiner MC, Sarkar FH, Abrams J et al (2011) Monitoring sunitinib-induced vascular effects to optimize radiotherapy combined with soy isoflavones in murine xenograft tumor. Transl Oncol 4:110–121PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hillman GG, Singh-Gupta V, Al-Bashir AK, Yunker CK, Joiner MC, Sarkar FH, Abrams J et al (2011) Monitoring sunitinib-induced vascular effects to optimize radiotherapy combined with soy isoflavones in murine xenograft tumor. Transl Oncol 4:110–121PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Matsumoto S, Batra S, Saito K, Yasui H, Choudhuri R, Gadisetti C, Subramanian S et al (2011) Anti-angiogenic agent sunitinib transiently increases tumor oxygenation and suppresses cycling hypoxia. Cancer Res Matsumoto S, Batra S, Saito K, Yasui H, Choudhuri R, Gadisetti C, Subramanian S et al (2011) Anti-angiogenic agent sunitinib transiently increases tumor oxygenation and suppresses cycling hypoxia. Cancer Res
22.
go back to reference Casneuf VF, Delrue L, van Damme N, Demetter P, Robert P, Corot C, Duyck P et al (2011) Noninvasive monitoring of therapy-induced microvascular changes in a pancreatic cancer model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with P846, a new low-diffusible gadolinium-based contrast agent. Radiat Res 175:10–20CrossRefPubMed Casneuf VF, Delrue L, van Damme N, Demetter P, Robert P, Corot C, Duyck P et al (2011) Noninvasive monitoring of therapy-induced microvascular changes in a pancreatic cancer model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with P846, a new low-diffusible gadolinium-based contrast agent. Radiat Res 175:10–20CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Bozec A, Sudaka A, Toussan N, Fischel JL, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G (2009) Combination of sunitinib, cetuximab and irradiation in an orthotopic head and neck cancer model. Ann Oncol 20:1703–1707CrossRefPubMed Bozec A, Sudaka A, Toussan N, Fischel JL, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G (2009) Combination of sunitinib, cetuximab and irradiation in an orthotopic head and neck cancer model. Ann Oncol 20:1703–1707CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Yoon SS, Stangenberg L, Lee YJ, Rothrock C, Dreyfuss JM, Baek KH, Waterman PR et al (2009) Efficacy of sunitinib and radiotherapy in genetically engineered mouse model of soft-tissue sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:1207–1216PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yoon SS, Stangenberg L, Lee YJ, Rothrock C, Dreyfuss JM, Baek KH, Waterman PR et al (2009) Efficacy of sunitinib and radiotherapy in genetically engineered mouse model of soft-tissue sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:1207–1216PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Gotink KJ, Broxterman HJ, Labots M, de Haas RR, Dekker H, Honeywell RJ, Rudek MA et al (2011) Lysosomal sequestration of sunitinib: a novel mechanism of drug resistance. Clin Cancer Res 17:7337–7346PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gotink KJ, Broxterman HJ, Labots M, de Haas RR, Dekker H, Honeywell RJ, Rudek MA et al (2011) Lysosomal sequestration of sunitinib: a novel mechanism of drug resistance. Clin Cancer Res 17:7337–7346PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Zhu Y, Xu L, Zhang J, Hu X, Liu Y, Yin H, Lv T et al (2013) Sunitinib induces cellular senescence via p53/Dec1 activation in renal cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 104:1052–1061CrossRefPubMed Zhu Y, Xu L, Zhang J, Hu X, Liu Y, Yin H, Lv T et al (2013) Sunitinib induces cellular senescence via p53/Dec1 activation in renal cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 104:1052–1061CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Dalrymple SL, Becker RE, Zhou H, DeWeese TL, Isaacs JT (2012) Tasquinimod prevents the angiogenic rebound induced by fractionated radiation resulting in an enhanced therapeutic response of prostate cancer xenografts. Prostate 72:638–648PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Dalrymple SL, Becker RE, Zhou H, DeWeese TL, Isaacs JT (2012) Tasquinimod prevents the angiogenic rebound induced by fractionated radiation resulting in an enhanced therapeutic response of prostate cancer xenografts. Prostate 72:638–648PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Hou H, Lariviere JP, Demidenko E, Gladstone D, Swartz H, Khan N (2009) Repeated tumor pO(2) measurements by multi-site EPR oximetry as a prognostic marker for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 91:126–131PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hou H, Lariviere JP, Demidenko E, Gladstone D, Swartz H, Khan N (2009) Repeated tumor pO(2) measurements by multi-site EPR oximetry as a prognostic marker for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 91:126–131PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Park JS, Qiao L, Su ZZ, Hinman D, Willoughby K, McKinstry R, Yacoub A et al (2001) Ionizing radiation modulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through multiple mitogen activated protein kinase dependent pathways. Oncogene 20:3266–3280CrossRefPubMed Park JS, Qiao L, Su ZZ, Hinman D, Willoughby K, McKinstry R, Yacoub A et al (2001) Ionizing radiation modulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression through multiple mitogen activated protein kinase dependent pathways. Oncogene 20:3266–3280CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Bose A, Taylor JL, Alber S, Watkins SC, Garcia JA, Rini BI, Ko JS et al (2011) Sunitinib facilitates the activation and recruitment of therapeutic anti-tumor immunity in concert with specific vaccination. Int J Cancer 129:2158–2170PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Bose A, Taylor JL, Alber S, Watkins SC, Garcia JA, Rini BI, Ko JS et al (2011) Sunitinib facilitates the activation and recruitment of therapeutic anti-tumor immunity in concert with specific vaccination. Int J Cancer 129:2158–2170PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Dirkx AE, Oude Egbrink MG, Castermans K, van der Schaft DW, Thijssen VL, Dings RP, Kwee L et al (2006) Anti-angiogenesis therapy can overcome endothelial cell anergy and promote leukocyte-endothelium interactions and infiltration in tumors. FASEB J 20:621–630CrossRefPubMed Dirkx AE, Oude Egbrink MG, Castermans K, van der Schaft DW, Thijssen VL, Dings RP, Kwee L et al (2006) Anti-angiogenesis therapy can overcome endothelial cell anergy and promote leukocyte-endothelium interactions and infiltration in tumors. FASEB J 20:621–630CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Shrimali RK, Yu Z, Theoret MR, Chinnasamy D, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA (2010) Antiangiogenic agents can increase lymphocyte infiltration into tumor and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Res 70:6171–6180PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Shrimali RK, Yu Z, Theoret MR, Chinnasamy D, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA (2010) Antiangiogenic agents can increase lymphocyte infiltration into tumor and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Res 70:6171–6180PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Huang H, Langenkamp E, Georganaki M, Loskog A, Fuchs PF, Dieterich LC, Kreuger J et al (2015) VEGF suppresses T-lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment through inhibition of NF-kappaB-induced endothelial activation. FASEB J 29:227–238CrossRefPubMed Huang H, Langenkamp E, Georganaki M, Loskog A, Fuchs PF, Dieterich LC, Kreuger J et al (2015) VEGF suppresses T-lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment through inhibition of NF-kappaB-induced endothelial activation. FASEB J 29:227–238CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Shahabi V, Postow MA, Tuck D, Wolchok JD (2015) Immune-priming of the tumor microenvironment by radiotherapy: rationale for combination with immunotherapy to improve anticancer efficacy. Am J Clin Oncol 38:90–97CrossRefPubMed Shahabi V, Postow MA, Tuck D, Wolchok JD (2015) Immune-priming of the tumor microenvironment by radiotherapy: rationale for combination with immunotherapy to improve anticancer efficacy. Am J Clin Oncol 38:90–97CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Sharma A, Bode B, Wenger RH, Lehmann K, Sartori AA, Moch H, Knuth A et al (2011) γ-Radiation promotes immunological recognition of cancer cells through increased expression of cancer-testis antigens in vitro and in vivo. PLoS ONE 6:e28217PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Sharma A, Bode B, Wenger RH, Lehmann K, Sartori AA, Moch H, Knuth A et al (2011) γ-Radiation promotes immunological recognition of cancer cells through increased expression of cancer-testis antigens in vitro and in vivo. PLoS ONE 6:e28217PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Burnette BC, Liang H, Lee Y, Chlewicki L, Khodarev NN, Weichselbaum RR, Fu YX et al (2011) The efficacy of radiotherapy relies upon induction of type I interferon-dependent innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Res 71:2488–2496PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Burnette BC, Liang H, Lee Y, Chlewicki L, Khodarev NN, Weichselbaum RR, Fu YX et al (2011) The efficacy of radiotherapy relies upon induction of type I interferon-dependent innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Res 71:2488–2496PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Dewan MZ, Galloway AE, Kawashima N, Dewyngaert JK, Babb JS, Formenti SC, Demaria S (2009) Fractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect when combined with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Clin Cancer Res 15:5379–5388PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Dewan MZ, Galloway AE, Kawashima N, Dewyngaert JK, Babb JS, Formenti SC, Demaria S (2009) Fractionated but not single-dose radiotherapy induces an immune-mediated abscopal effect when combined with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Clin Cancer Res 15:5379–5388PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Faivre S, Delbaldo C, Vera K, Robert C, Lozahic S, Lassau N, Bello C et al (2006) Safety, pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:25–35CrossRefPubMed Faivre S, Delbaldo C, Vera K, Robert C, Lozahic S, Lassau N, Bello C et al (2006) Safety, pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 24:25–35CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, Michaelson MD, Bukowski RM, Rixe O, Oudard S et al (2007) Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 356:115–124CrossRefPubMed Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, Michaelson MD, Bukowski RM, Rixe O, Oudard S et al (2007) Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 356:115–124CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, Hudes GR, Wilding G, Figlin RA, Ginsberg MS et al (2006) Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 24:16–24CrossRefPubMed Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, Hudes GR, Wilding G, Figlin RA, Ginsberg MS et al (2006) Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 24:16–24CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, Blackstein ME, Shah MH, Verweij J, McArthur G et al (2006) Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 368:1329–1338CrossRefPubMed Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, Blackstein ME, Shah MH, Verweij J, McArthur G et al (2006) Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 368:1329–1338CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Kao J, Packer S, Vu HL, Schwartz ME, Sung MW, Stock RG, Lo YC et al (2009) Phase 1 study of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy followed by maintenance sunitinib for patients with oligometastases: acute toxicity and preliminary response. Cancer 115:3571–3580PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Kao J, Packer S, Vu HL, Schwartz ME, Sung MW, Stock RG, Lo YC et al (2009) Phase 1 study of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy followed by maintenance sunitinib for patients with oligometastases: acute toxicity and preliminary response. Cancer 115:3571–3580PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Tong CC, Ko EC, Sung MW, Cesaretti JA, Stock RG, Packer SH, Forsythe K et al (2012) Phase II trial of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy for oligometastases. PLoS ONE 7:e36979PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Tong CC, Ko EC, Sung MW, Cesaretti JA, Stock RG, Packer SH, Forsythe K et al (2012) Phase II trial of concurrent sunitinib and image-guided radiotherapy for oligometastases. PLoS ONE 7:e36979PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Milano MT, Katz AW, Muhs AG, Philip A, Buchholz DJ, Schell MC, Okunieff P (2008) A prospective pilot study of curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with 5 or fewer oligometastatic lesions. Cancer 112:650–658CrossRefPubMed Milano MT, Katz AW, Muhs AG, Philip A, Buchholz DJ, Schell MC, Okunieff P (2008) A prospective pilot study of curative-intent stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with 5 or fewer oligometastatic lesions. Cancer 112:650–658CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Salama JK, Chmura SJ, Mehta N, Yenice KM, Stadler WM, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ et al (2008) An initial report of a radiation dose-escalation trial in patients with one to five sites of metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res 14:5255–5259CrossRefPubMed Salama JK, Chmura SJ, Mehta N, Yenice KM, Stadler WM, Vokes EE, Haraf DJ et al (2008) An initial report of a radiation dose-escalation trial in patients with one to five sites of metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res 14:5255–5259CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Staehler M, Haseke N, Nuhn P, Tullmann C, Karl A, Siebels M, Stief CG et al (2011) Simultaneous anti-angiogenic therapy and single-fraction radiosurgery in clinically relevant metastases from renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 108:673–678PubMed Staehler M, Haseke N, Nuhn P, Tullmann C, Karl A, Siebels M, Stief CG et al (2011) Simultaneous anti-angiogenic therapy and single-fraction radiosurgery in clinically relevant metastases from renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 108:673–678PubMed
47.
go back to reference Staehler M, Haseke N, Stadler T, Nuhn P, Roosen A, Stief CG, Wilkowski R (2012) Feasibility and effects of high-dose hypofractionated radiation therapy and simultaneous multi-kinase inhibition with sunitinib in progressive metastatic renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 30:290–293CrossRefPubMed Staehler M, Haseke N, Stadler T, Nuhn P, Roosen A, Stief CG, Wilkowski R (2012) Feasibility and effects of high-dose hypofractionated radiation therapy and simultaneous multi-kinase inhibition with sunitinib in progressive metastatic renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 30:290–293CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Choi YR, Han HS, Lee OJ, Lim SN, Kim MJ, Yeon MH, Jeon HJ et al (2012) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a supraclavicular lymph node with no known primary: a case report. Cancer Res Treat 44:215–218PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Choi YR, Han HS, Lee OJ, Lim SN, Kim MJ, Yeon MH, Jeon HJ et al (2012) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a supraclavicular lymph node with no known primary: a case report. Cancer Res Treat 44:215–218PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Hird AE, Chow E, Ehrlich L, Probyn L, Sinclair E, Yip D, Ko YJ (2008) Rapid improvement in pain and functional level in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Palliat Med 11:1156–1161CrossRefPubMed Hird AE, Chow E, Ehrlich L, Probyn L, Sinclair E, Yip D, Ko YJ (2008) Rapid improvement in pain and functional level in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Palliat Med 11:1156–1161CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Basille D, Andrejak M, Bentayeb H, Kanaan M, Fournier C, Lecuyer E, Boutemy M et al (2010) Bronchial fistula associated with sunitinib in a patient previously treated with radiation therapy. Ann Pharmacother 44:383–386CrossRefPubMed Basille D, Andrejak M, Bentayeb H, Kanaan M, Fournier C, Lecuyer E, Boutemy M et al (2010) Bronchial fistula associated with sunitinib in a patient previously treated with radiation therapy. Ann Pharmacother 44:383–386CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Kelly PJ, Weiss SE, Sher DJ, Perez-Atayde AR, Dal Cin P, Choueiri TK (2010) Sunitinib-induced pseudoprogression after whole-brain radiotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 28:e433–e435CrossRefPubMed Kelly PJ, Weiss SE, Sher DJ, Perez-Atayde AR, Dal Cin P, Choueiri TK (2010) Sunitinib-induced pseudoprogression after whole-brain radiotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 28:e433–e435CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Straka C, Kim DW, Timmerman RD, Pedrosa I, Jacobs C, Brugarolas J (2013) Ablation of a site of progression with stereotactic body radiation therapy extends sunitinib treatment from 14 to 22 months. J Clin Oncol 31:e401–e403CrossRefPubMed Straka C, Kim DW, Timmerman RD, Pedrosa I, Jacobs C, Brugarolas J (2013) Ablation of a site of progression with stereotactic body radiation therapy extends sunitinib treatment from 14 to 22 months. J Clin Oncol 31:e401–e403CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Venton G, Ducournau A, Gross E, Lechevallier E, Rochwerger A, Curvale G, Zink JV et al (2012) Complete pathological response after sequential therapy with sunitinib and radiotherapy for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. Anticancer Res 32:701–705PubMed Venton G, Ducournau A, Gross E, Lechevallier E, Rochwerger A, Curvale G, Zink JV et al (2012) Complete pathological response after sequential therapy with sunitinib and radiotherapy for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. Anticancer Res 32:701–705PubMed
54.
go back to reference Escudier B, Roigas J, Gillessen S, Harmenberg U, Srinivas S, Mulder SF, Fountzilas G et al (2009) Phase II study of sunitinib administered in a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 27:4068–4075CrossRefPubMed Escudier B, Roigas J, Gillessen S, Harmenberg U, Srinivas S, Mulder SF, Fountzilas G et al (2009) Phase II study of sunitinib administered in a continuous once-daily dosing regimen in patients with cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 27:4068–4075CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference George S, Blay JY, Casali PG, le Cesne A, Stephenson P, Deprimo SE, Harmon CS et al (2009) Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Eur J Cancer 45:1959–1968CrossRefPubMed George S, Blay JY, Casali PG, le Cesne A, Stephenson P, Deprimo SE, Harmon CS et al (2009) Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Eur J Cancer 45:1959–1968CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Corn PG, Song DY, Heath E, Maier J, Meyn R, Kuban D, DePetrillo TA et al (2013) Sunitinib plus androgen deprivation and radiation therapy for patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer: results from a multi-institutional phase 1 study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86:540–545PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Corn PG, Song DY, Heath E, Maier J, Meyn R, Kuban D, DePetrillo TA et al (2013) Sunitinib plus androgen deprivation and radiation therapy for patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer: results from a multi-institutional phase 1 study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86:540–545PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Chi KH, Liao CS, Chang CC, Ko HL, Tsang YW, Yang KC, Mehta MP (2010) Angiogenic blockade and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:188–193CrossRefPubMed Chi KH, Liao CS, Chang CC, Ko HL, Tsang YW, Yang KC, Mehta MP (2010) Angiogenic blockade and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78:188–193CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Wuthrick EJ, Curran WJ Jr, Camphausen K, Lin A, Glass J, Evans J, Andrews DW et al (2014) A pilot study of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy and sunitinib in previously irradiated patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:369–375CrossRefPubMed Wuthrick EJ, Curran WJ Jr, Camphausen K, Lin A, Glass J, Evans J, Andrews DW et al (2014) A pilot study of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy and sunitinib in previously irradiated patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90:369–375CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Mehta MP, Rodrigus P, Terhaard CH, Rao A, Suh J, Roa W, Souhami L et al (2003) Survival and neurologic outcomes in a randomized trial of motexafin gadolinium and whole-brain radiation therapy in brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 21:2529–2536CrossRefPubMed Mehta MP, Rodrigus P, Terhaard CH, Rao A, Suh J, Roa W, Souhami L et al (2003) Survival and neurologic outcomes in a randomized trial of motexafin gadolinium and whole-brain radiation therapy in brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 21:2529–2536CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M et al (2004) Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665–1672CrossRefPubMed Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, Flanders AE, Gaspar LE, Schell MC, Werner-Wasik M et al (2004) Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363:1665–1672CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Balana C, Gil MJ, Perez P, Reynes G, Gallego O, Ribalta T, Capellades J et al (2014) Sunitinib administered prior to radiotherapy in patients with non-resectable glioblastoma: results of a phase II study. Target Oncol Balana C, Gil MJ, Perez P, Reynes G, Gallego O, Ribalta T, Capellades J et al (2014) Sunitinib administered prior to radiotherapy in patients with non-resectable glioblastoma: results of a phase II study. Target Oncol
62.
go back to reference Neyns B, Sadones J, Chaskis C, Dujardin M, Everaert H, Lv S, Duerinck J et al (2011) Phase II study of sunitinib malate in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol 103:491–501CrossRefPubMed Neyns B, Sadones J, Chaskis C, Dujardin M, Everaert H, Lv S, Duerinck J et al (2011) Phase II study of sunitinib malate in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol 103:491–501CrossRefPubMed
63.
go back to reference Lewin J, Khamly KK, Young RJ, Mitchell C, Hicks RJ, Toner GC, Ngan SY et al (2014) A phase Ib/II translational study of sunitinib with neoadjuvant radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma. Br J Cancer 111:2254–2261CrossRefPubMed Lewin J, Khamly KK, Young RJ, Mitchell C, Hicks RJ, Toner GC, Ngan SY et al (2014) A phase Ib/II translational study of sunitinib with neoadjuvant radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma. Br J Cancer 111:2254–2261CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Wuthrick EJ, Kamrava M, Curran WJ Jr, Werner-Wasik M, Camphausen KA, Hyslop T, Axelrod R et al (2011) A phase 1b trial of the combination of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib and radiation therapy for patients with primary and metastatic central nervous system malignancies. Cancer 117:5548–5559PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Wuthrick EJ, Kamrava M, Curran WJ Jr, Werner-Wasik M, Camphausen KA, Hyslop T, Axelrod R et al (2011) A phase 1b trial of the combination of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib and radiation therapy for patients with primary and metastatic central nervous system malignancies. Cancer 117:5548–5559PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Khuntia D, Brown P, Li J, Mehta MP (2006) Whole-brain radiotherapy in the management of brain metastasis. J Clin Oncol 24:1295–1304CrossRefPubMed Khuntia D, Brown P, Li J, Mehta MP (2006) Whole-brain radiotherapy in the management of brain metastasis. J Clin Oncol 24:1295–1304CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Gaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, Asbell S, Phillips T, Wasserman T, McKenna WG et al (1997) Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:745–751CrossRefPubMed Gaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, Asbell S, Phillips T, Wasserman T, McKenna WG et al (1997) Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:745–751CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Kleibeuker EA, Ten Hooven MA, Castricum KC, Honeywell R, Griffioen AW, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ et al (2015) Optimal treatment scheduling of ionizing radiation and sunitinib improves the antitumor activity and allows dose reduction. Cancer Med (in press) Kleibeuker EA, Ten Hooven MA, Castricum KC, Honeywell R, Griffioen AW, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ et al (2015) Optimal treatment scheduling of ionizing radiation and sunitinib improves the antitumor activity and allows dose reduction. Cancer Med (in press)
68.
go back to reference Hagiwara M, Hackshaw MD, Oster G (2013) Economic burden of selected adverse events in patients aged ≥65 years with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Med Econ 16:1300–1306CrossRefPubMed Hagiwara M, Hackshaw MD, Oster G (2013) Economic burden of selected adverse events in patients aged ≥65 years with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Med Econ 16:1300–1306CrossRefPubMed
69.
go back to reference Czabanka M, Vinci M, Heppner F, Ullrich A, Vajkoczy P (2009) Effects of sunitinib on tumor hemodynamics and delivery of chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 124:1293–1300CrossRefPubMed Czabanka M, Vinci M, Heppner F, Ullrich A, Vajkoczy P (2009) Effects of sunitinib on tumor hemodynamics and delivery of chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 124:1293–1300CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Nathan P, Zweifel M, Padhani AR, Koh DM, Ng M, Collins DJ, Harris A et al (2012) Phase I trial of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:3428–3439CrossRefPubMed Nathan P, Zweifel M, Padhani AR, Koh DM, Ng M, Collins DJ, Harris A et al (2012) Phase I trial of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18:3428–3439CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Yopp AC, Schwartz LH, Kemeny N, Gultekin DH, Gonen M, Bamboat Z, Shia J et al (2011) Antiangiogenic therapy for primary liver cancer: correlation of changes in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with tissue hypoxia markers and clinical response. Ann Surg Oncol 18:2192–2199PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Yopp AC, Schwartz LH, Kemeny N, Gultekin DH, Gonen M, Bamboat Z, Shia J et al (2011) Antiangiogenic therapy for primary liver cancer: correlation of changes in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with tissue hypoxia markers and clinical response. Ann Surg Oncol 18:2192–2199PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Machiels JP, Henry S, Zanetta S, Kaminsky MC, Michoux N, Rommel D, Schmitz S et al (2010) Phase II study of sunitinib in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: GORTEC 2006-01. J Clin Oncol 28:21–28CrossRefPubMed Machiels JP, Henry S, Zanetta S, Kaminsky MC, Michoux N, Rommel D, Schmitz S et al (2010) Phase II study of sunitinib in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: GORTEC 2006-01. J Clin Oncol 28:21–28CrossRefPubMed
73.
go back to reference Hugonnet F, Fournier L, Medioni J, Smadja C, Hindie E, Huchet V, Itti E et al (2011) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: relationship between initial metastasis hypoxia, change after 1 month’s sunitinib, and therapeutic response: an 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET/CT study. J Nucl Med 52:1048–1055CrossRefPubMed Hugonnet F, Fournier L, Medioni J, Smadja C, Hindie E, Huchet V, Itti E et al (2011) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: relationship between initial metastasis hypoxia, change after 1 month’s sunitinib, and therapeutic response: an 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET/CT study. J Nucl Med 52:1048–1055CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Murakami M, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Chowdhury NF, Yu W, Nishijima K, Takiguchi M et al (2012) Evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment after sorafenib therapy by sequential histology and 18F-fluoromisonidazole hypoxia imaging in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 41:1593–1600PubMedCentralPubMed Murakami M, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Chowdhury NF, Yu W, Nishijima K, Takiguchi M et al (2012) Evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment after sorafenib therapy by sequential histology and 18F-fluoromisonidazole hypoxia imaging in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 41:1593–1600PubMedCentralPubMed
75.
go back to reference Griffioen AW, Mans LA, de Graaf AM, Nowak-Sliwinska P, de Hoog CL, de Jong TA, Vyth-Dreese FA et al (2012) Rapid angiogenesis onset after discontinuation of sunitinib treatment of renal cell carcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 18:3961–3971PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Griffioen AW, Mans LA, de Graaf AM, Nowak-Sliwinska P, de Hoog CL, de Jong TA, Vyth-Dreese FA et al (2012) Rapid angiogenesis onset after discontinuation of sunitinib treatment of renal cell carcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 18:3961–3971PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Kleibeuker EA, Griffioen AW, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ, Thijssen VL (2012) Combining angiogenesis inhibition and radiotherapy: a double-edged sword. Drug Resist Updat 15:173–182CrossRefPubMed Kleibeuker EA, Griffioen AW, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ, Thijssen VL (2012) Combining angiogenesis inhibition and radiotherapy: a double-edged sword. Drug Resist Updat 15:173–182CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Blaszkowsky LS, Ryan DP, Szymonifka J, Borger DR, Zhu AX, Clark JW, Kwak EL et al (2014) Phase I/II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab, erlotinib and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent external beam radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 25:121–126PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Blaszkowsky LS, Ryan DP, Szymonifka J, Borger DR, Zhu AX, Clark JW, Kwak EL et al (2014) Phase I/II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab, erlotinib and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent external beam radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 25:121–126PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
78.
go back to reference Kambadakone A, Yoon SS, Kim TM, Karl DL, Duda DG, DeLaney TF, Sahani DV (2015) CT perfusion as an imaging biomarker in monitoring response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and radiation in soft-tissue sarcomas: comparison with tumor morphology, circulating and tumor biomarkers, and gene expression. AJR Am J Roentgenol 204:W11–W18CrossRefPubMed Kambadakone A, Yoon SS, Kim TM, Karl DL, Duda DG, DeLaney TF, Sahani DV (2015) CT perfusion as an imaging biomarker in monitoring response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and radiation in soft-tissue sarcomas: comparison with tumor morphology, circulating and tumor biomarkers, and gene expression. AJR Am J Roentgenol 204:W11–W18CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Tanaka A, Okada K, Saito G, Kamijo A, Akiba T et al (2015) Phase II study of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus bevacizumab for locally advanced resectable rectal adenocarcinoma. Oncology 88:49–56CrossRefPubMed Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Tanaka A, Okada K, Saito G, Kamijo A, Akiba T et al (2015) Phase II study of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus bevacizumab for locally advanced resectable rectal adenocarcinoma. Oncology 88:49–56CrossRefPubMed
80.
go back to reference Chinot OL, Wick W, Mason W, Henriksson R, Saran F, Nishikawa R, Carpentier AF et al (2014) Bevacizumab plus radiotherapy-temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 370:709–722CrossRefPubMed Chinot OL, Wick W, Mason W, Henriksson R, Saran F, Nishikawa R, Carpentier AF et al (2014) Bevacizumab plus radiotherapy-temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 370:709–722CrossRefPubMed
81.
go back to reference Meyer JM, Perlewitz KS, Hayden JB, Doung YC, Hung AY, Vetto JT, Pommier RF et al (2013) Phase I trial of preoperative chemoradiation plus sorafenib for high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcomas with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI correlates. Clin Cancer Res 19:6902–6911CrossRefPubMed Meyer JM, Perlewitz KS, Hayden JB, Doung YC, Hung AY, Vetto JT, Pommier RF et al (2013) Phase I trial of preoperative chemoradiation plus sorafenib for high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcomas with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI correlates. Clin Cancer Res 19:6902–6911CrossRefPubMed
82.
go back to reference Hottinger AF, Aissa AB, Espeli V, Squiban D, Dunkel N, Vargas MI, Hundsberger T et al (2014) Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma. Br J Cancer 110:2655–2661PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hottinger AF, Aissa AB, Espeli V, Squiban D, Dunkel N, Vargas MI, Hundsberger T et al (2014) Phase I study of sorafenib combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide as first-line treatment of high-grade glioma. Br J Cancer 110:2655–2661PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
83.
go back to reference Chen SW, Lin LC, Kuo YC, Liang JA, Kuo CC, Chiou JF (2014) Phase 2 study of combined sorafenib and radiation therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 88:1041–1047CrossRefPubMed Chen SW, Lin LC, Kuo YC, Liang JA, Kuo CC, Chiou JF (2014) Phase 2 study of combined sorafenib and radiation therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 88:1041–1047CrossRefPubMed
84.
go back to reference Jalali S, Chung C, Foltz W, Burrell K, Singh S, Hill R, Zadeh G (2014) MRI biomarkers identify the differential response of glioblastoma multiforme to anti-angiogenic therapy. Neuro Oncol 16:868–879PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Jalali S, Chung C, Foltz W, Burrell K, Singh S, Hill R, Zadeh G (2014) MRI biomarkers identify the differential response of glioblastoma multiforme to anti-angiogenic therapy. Neuro Oncol 16:868–879PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Combining radiotherapy with sunitinib: lessons (to be) learned
Authors
Esther A. Kleibeuker
Matthijs A. ten Hooven
Henk M. Verheul
Ben J. Slotman
Victor L. Thijssen
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Angiogenesis / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0969-6970
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7209
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-015-9476-3

Other articles of this Issue 4/2015

Angiogenesis 4/2015 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.