Top

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Published in:

Open Access 01-07-2018 | Review Article

Clinical utility of FDG PET in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism associated with dementia

Authors: Zuzana Walker, Federica Gandolfo, Stefania Orini, Valentina Garibotto, Federica Agosta, Javier Arbizu, Femke Bouwman, Alexander Drzezga, Peter Nestor, Marina Boccardi, Daniele Altomare, Cristina Festari, Flavio Nobili, for the EANM-EAN Task Force for the recommendation of FDG PET for Dementing Neurodegenerative Disorders

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Issue 9/2018

Abstract

Purpose

There are no comprehensive guidelines for the use of FDG PET in the following three clinical scenarios: (1) diagnostic work-up of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) at risk of future cognitive decline, (2) discriminating idiopathic PD from progressive supranuclear palsy, and (3) identifying the underlying neuropathology in corticobasal syndrome.

Methods

We therefore performed three literature searches and evaluated the selected studies for quality of design, risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness and effect size. Critical outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive/negative predictive value, area under the receiving operating characteristic curve, and positive/negative likelihood ratio of FDG PET in detecting the target condition. Using the Delphi method, a panel of seven experts voted for or against the use of FDG PET based on published evidence and expert opinion.

Results

Of 91 studies selected from the three literature searches, only four included an adequate quantitative assessment of the performance of FDG PET. The majority of studies lacked robust methodology due to lack of critical outcomes, inadequate gold standard and no head-to-head comparison with an appropriate reference standard. The panel recommended the use of FDG PET for all three clinical scenarios based on nonquantitative evidence of clinical utility.

Conclusion

Despite widespread use of FDG PET in clinical practice and extensive research, there is still very limited good quality evidence for the use of FDG PET. However, in the opinion of the majority of the panellists, FDG PET is a clinically useful imaging biomarker for idiopathic PD and atypical parkinsonism associated with dementia.

Nobili F, Arbizu J, Bouwman F, Drzezga A, Filippi M, Nestor P, et al. EAN-EANM recommendations for the use of brain 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) in neurodegenerative cognitive impairment and dementia: Delphi consensus. Eur J Neurol. 2018.

Jellinger KA. Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease-dementia: current concepts and controversies. J Neural Transm. 2018;125(4):615–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1821-9.CrossRefPubMed

Schrag A, Siddiqui UF, Anastasiou Z, Weintraub D, Schott JM. Clinical variables and biomarkers in prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: a cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(1):66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30328-3.CrossRefPubMed

Kovacs GG. Invited review: neuropathology of tauopathies: principles and practice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2015;41:3–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12208.CrossRefPubMed

Höglinger GU, Respondek G, Stamelou M, Kurz C, Josephs KA, Lang AE, et al. Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the Movement Disorder Society criteria. Mov Disord. 2017;32:853–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26987.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Boccardi M, Festari C, Altomare D, Gandolfo F, Orini S, Nobili F, et al. Assessing accuracy diagnostic FDG-PET studies to define clinical use for dementia diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4024-1.CrossRefPubMed

Leone MA, Brainin M, Boon P, Pugliatti M, Keindl M, Bassetti CL. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces – revised recommendations 2012. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:410–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12043.CrossRefPubMed

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62:1006–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005.CrossRefPubMed

Drzezga A, Altomare D, Festari C, Arbizu J, Orini S, Herholz K, et al. Clinical utility of FDG-PET in the evaluation of conditions at risk for AD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4032-1.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Agosta F, Altomare D, Festari C, Orini S, Gandolfo F, Boccardi M, et al. Clinical utility of FDG-PET in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4033-0.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Edison P, Ahmed I, Fan Z, Hinz R, Gelosa G, Ray Chaudhuri K, et al. Microglia, amyloid, and glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38:938–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.255.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Hosokai Y, Nishio Y, Hirayama K, Takeda A, Ishioka T, Sawada Y, et al. Distinct patterns of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease with and without mild cognitive impairment. Mov Disord. 2009;24:854–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22444.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Jokinen P, Scheinin N, Aalto S, Någren K, Savisto N, Parkkola R, et al. [11C]PIB-, [18F]FDG-PET and MRI imaging in patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16:666–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.021.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Peppard RF, Martin WR, Carr GD, Grochowski E, Schulzer M, Guttman M, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. Arch Neurol. 1992;49:1262–8.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Perneczky R, Drzezga A, Boecker H, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Granert O, Förstl H, et al. Activities of daily living, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cognitive reserve in Lewy body and Parkinson’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26:475–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000167791.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Sasaki M, Ichiya Y, Hosokawa S, Otsuka M, Kuwabara Y, Fukumura T, et al. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson’s disease with or without dementia. Ann Nucl Med. 1992;6:241–6.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Wu JC, Iacono R, Ayman M, Salmon E, Lin SD, Carlson J, et al. Correlation of intellectual impairment in Parkinson’s disease with FDG PET scan. Neuroreport. 2000;11:2139–44.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Eberling JL, Richardson BC, Reed BR, Wolfe N, Jagust WJ. Cortical glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease without dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 1994;15:329–35.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Nagano-Saito A, Kato T, Arahata Y, Washimi Y, Nakamura A, Abe Y, et al. Cognitive- and motor-related regions in Parkinson’s disease: FDOPA and FDG PET studies. Neuroimage. 2004;22:553–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.030.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Griffith HR, den Hollander JA, Okonkwo OC, O’Brien T, Watts RL, Marson DC. Brain metabolism differs in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2008;4:421–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.04.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Gasca-Salas C, Clavero P, García-García D, Obeso JA, Rodríguez-Oroz MC. Significance of visual hallucinations and cerebral hypometabolism in the risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016;37:968–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23080.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Yong SW, Yoon JK, An YS, Lee PH. A comparison of cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:1357–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01977.x.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Bohnen NI, Koeppe RA, Minoshima S, Giordani B, Albin RL, Frey KA, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolic features of Parkinson disease and incident dementia: longitudinal study. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:848–55. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.089946.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Tard C, Demailly F, Delval A, Semah F, Defebvre L, Dujardin K, et al. Hypometabolism in posterior and temporal areas of the brain is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2015;5:569–74. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-150583.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Huang C, Mattis P, Perrine K, Brown N, Dhawan D, Eidelberg D. Metabolic abnormalities associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2008;70:1470–7.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Huang C, Mattis P, Tang C, Perrine K, Carbon M, Eidelberg D. Metabolic brain networks associated with cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease. Neuroimage. 2007;34:714–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.003.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Meles SK, Tang CC, Teune LK, Dierckx RA, Dhawan V, Mattis PJ, et al. Abnormal metabolic pattern associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a validation study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35:1478–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.112.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Garibotto V, Montandon ML, Viaud CT, Allaoua M, Assal F, Burkhard PR, et al. Regions of interest-based discriminant analysis of DaTSCAN SPECT and FDG-PET for the classification of dementia. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38:e112–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e318279b991.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Amtage F, Hellwig S, Kreft A, Spehl T, Glauche V, Winkler C, et al. Neuronal correlates of clinical asymmetry in progressive supranuclear palsy. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39:319–25. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000000373.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Amtage F, Maurer C, Hellwig S, Tüscher O, Kreft A, Weiller C, et al. Functional correlates of vertical gaze palsy and other ocular motor deficits in PSP: an FDG-PET study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:898–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.05.013.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Blin J, Horwitz B, Baron JC, Agid Y. Does frontal cortex hypometabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy result from subcortical dysfunction? Eur J Neurol. 1995;1:221–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.1995.tb00075.x.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Botha H, Whitwell JL, Madhaven A, Senjem ML, Lowe V, Josephs KA. The pimple sign of progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:180–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.10.023.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Eckert T, Tang C, Ma Y, Brown N, Lin T, Frucht S, et al. Abnormal metabolic networks in atypical parkinsonism. Mov Disord. 2008;23:727–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21933.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Foster NL, Gilman S, Berent S, Sima AA, D’Amato C, Koeppe RA, et al. Progressive subcortical gliosis and progressive supranuclear palsy can have similar clinical and PET abnormalities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:707–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Garraux G, Salmon E, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Franck G. Medial temporal lobe metabolic impairment in dementia associated with motor neuron disease. J Neurol Sci. 1999;168:145–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00188-4.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Hoffman JM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Hanson M, Crain B, Hulette CM, Earl N, et al. FDG PET imaging in patients with pathologically verified dementia. J Nucl Med. 2000;41:1920–8.PubMed

37.

Hosaka K, Ishii K, Sakamoto S, Mori T, Sasaki M, Hirono N, et al. Voxel-based comparison of regional cerebral glucose metabolism between PSP and corticobasal degeneration. J Neurol Sci. 2002;199:67–71.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Juh R, Kim J, Moon D, Choe B, Suh T. Different metabolic patterns analysis of parkinsonism on the 18F-FDG PET. Eur J Radiol. 2004;51:223–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0720-048X(03)00214-6.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Karbe H, Grond M, Huber M, Herholz K, Kessler J, Heiss WD. Subcortical damage and cortical dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy demonstrated by positron emission tomography. J Neurol. 1992;239:98–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00862982.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Nagahama Y, Fukuyama H, Turjanski N, Kennedy A, Yamauchi H, Ouchi Y, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in corticobasal degeneration: comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and normal controls. Mov Disord. 1997;12:691–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870120510.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Niethammer M, Tang CC, Feigin A, Allen PJ, Heinen L, Hellwig S, et al. A disease-specific metabolic brain network associated with corticobasal degeneration. Brain. 2014;137:3036–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu256.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Peigneux P, Salmon E, Garraux G, Laureys S, Willems S, Dujardin K, et al. Neural and cognitive bases of upper limb apraxia in corticobasal degeneration. Neurology. 2001;57:1259–68. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.7.1259.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Piccini P, de Yebenez J, Lees AJ, Ceravolo R, Turjanski N, Pramstaller P, et al. Familial progressive supranuclear palsy: detection of subclinical cases using 18F-dopa and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1846–51.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Takahashi R, Ishii K, Kakigi T, Yokoyama K, Mori E, Murakami T. Brain alterations and Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: voxel-based investigations using F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra. 2011;1:381–92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333368.CrossRef

45.

Zalewski N, Botha H, Whitwell JL, Lowe V, Dickson DW, Josephs KA. FDG-PET in pathologically confirmed spontaneous 4R-tauopathy variants. J Neurol. 2014;261:710–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-014-7256-4.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Zwergal A, La Fougère C, Lorenzl S, Rominger A, Xiong G, Deutschenbaur L, et al. Postural imbalance and falls in PSP correlate with functional pathology of the thalamus. Neurology. 2011;77:101–9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318223c79d.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Zwergal A, La Fougère C, Lorenzl S, Rominger A, Xiong G, Deutschenbaur L, et al. Functional disturbance of the locomotor network in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology. 2013;80:634–41. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318281cc43.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Eckert T, Barnes A, Dhawan V, Frucht S, Gordon MF, Feigin AS, et al. FDG PET in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders. Neuroimage. 2005;26:912–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.012.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Garraux G, Phillips C, Schrouff J, Kreisler A, Lemaire C, Degueldre C, et al. Multiclass classification of FDG PET scans for the distinction between Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:883–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.004.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Hellwig S, Reinhard M, Amtage F, Guschlbauer B, Buchert R, Tüscher O, et al. Transcranial sonography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism: a head-to-head comparison. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21:860–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12394.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Tripathi M, Dhawan V, Peng S, Kushwaha S, Batla A, Jaimini A, et al. Differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Neuroradiology. 2013;55:483–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-012-1132-7.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Akdemir ÜÖ, Tokçaer AB, Karakuş A, Kapucu LÖ. Brain 18F-FDG PET imaging in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39:e220–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000000315.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Derlin T, Afzal W, Wilke F, Apostolova I, Klutmann S, Meyer PT, et al. IBZM SPECT and FDG PET in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes: comparison with respect to inter-rater agreement. Nuklearmedizin. 2010;49:139–47. https://doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0290.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Hellwig S, Frings L, Amtage F, Buchert R, Spehl TS, Rijntjes M, et al. 18F-FDG PET is an early predictor of overall survival in suspected atypical parkinsonism. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:1541–6. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.159822.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Klein RC, de Jong BM, de Vries JJ, Leenders KL. Direct comparison between regional cerebral metabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2005;20:1021–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20493.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Park HK, Kim JS, Im KC, Oh SJ, Kim MJ, Lee JH, et al. Functional brain imaging in pure akinesia with gait freezing: [18F]FDG PET and [18F]FP-CIT PET analyses. Mov Disord. 2009;30:237–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22347.CrossRef

57.

Teune LK, Bartels AL, De Jong BM, Willemsen ATM, Eshuis SA, De Vries JJ, et al. Typical cerebral metabolic patterns in neurodegenerative brain diseases. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2395–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23291.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Zhao P, Zhang B, Gao S. 18[F]-FDG PET study on the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease from several parkinsonian-plus syndromes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:S60–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70020-7.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Mudali D, Teune LK, Renken RJ, Leenders KL, Roerdink JB. Classification of parkinsonian syndromes from FDG-PET brain data using decision trees with SSM/PCA features. Comput Math Methods Med. 2015;2015:136921. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/136921.CrossRef

60.

Srulijes K, Reimold M, Liscic RM, Bauer S, Dietzel E, Liepelt-Scarfone I, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in Richardson’s syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism. Mov Disord. 2012;27:151–5.CrossRefPubMed

61.

Hellwig S, Amtage F, Kreft A, Buchert R, Winz OH, Vach W, et al. [18F]FDG-PET is superior to [123I]IBZM-SPECT for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Neurology. 2012;79:1314–22. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c1b0a.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Tang CC, Poston KL, Eckert T, Feigin A, Frucht S, Gudesblatt M, et al. Differential diagnosis of parkinsonism: a metabolic imaging study using pattern analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:149–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70002-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Tripathi M, Tang CC, Feigin A, De Lucia I, Nazem A, Dhawan V, et al. Automated differential diagnosis of early parkinsonism using metabolic brain networks: a validation study. J Nucl Med. 2016;57:60–6. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.161992.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Sha SJ, Ghosh PM, Lee SE, Corbetta-Rastelli C, Jagust WJ, Kornak J, et al. Predicting amyloid status in corticobasal syndrome using modified clinical criteria, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015;7:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-014-0093-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Taswell C, Villemagne VL, Yates P, Shimada H, Leyton CE, Ballard KJ, et al. 18F-FDG PET improves diagnosis in patients with focal-onset dementias. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:1547–53. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.161067.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Cordato NJ, Halliday GM, McCann H, Davies L, Williamson P, Fulham M, et al. Corticobasal syndrome with tau pathology. Mov Disord. 2001;16:656–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1124.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Pilotto A, Premi E, Paola Caminiti S, Presotto L, Turrone R, Alberici A, et al. Single-subject SPM FDG-PET patterns predict risk of dementia progression in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2018;90(12):e1029–37. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005161.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Kimura N, Hanaki S, Masuda T, Hanaoka T, Hazama Y, Okazaki T, et al. Brain perfusion differences in parkinsonian disorders. Mov Disord. 2011;26:2530–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23915.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Varrone A, Pagani M, Salvatore E, Salmaso D, Sansone V, Amboni M, et al. Identification by [99mTc]ECD SPECT of anterior cingulate hypoperfusion in progressive supranuclear palsy, in comparison with Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:1071–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-006-0344-7.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Nobili F, Festari C, Altomare D, Agosta F, Orini S, Van Laere K, et al. Automated assessment of FDG-PET for the differential diagnosis in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4030-3.CrossRefPubMed

71.

Niethammer M, Feigin A, Eidelberg D. Functional neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2:a009274. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a009274.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

72.

Varrone A, Asenbaum S, Vander Borght T, Booij J, Nobili F, Någren K, et al. EANM procedure guidelines for PET brain imaging using [18F]FDG, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:2103–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-009-1264-0.CrossRefPubMed

73.

Whitwell JL, Höglinger GU, Antonini A, Bordelon Y, Boxer AL, Colosimo C, et al. Radiological biomarkers for diagnosis in PSP: where are we and where do we need to be? Mov Disord. 2017;32:955–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27038.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Poston KL, Eidelberg D. FDG PET in the evaluation of Parkinson’s disease. PET Clin. 2010;5:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2009.12.004.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Title: Clinical utility of FDG PET in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism associated with dementia
Authors: Zuzana Walker
Federica Gandolfo
Stefania Orini
Valentina Garibotto
Federica Agosta
Javier Arbizu
Femke Bouwman
Alexander Drzezga
Peter Nestor
Marina Boccardi
Daniele Altomare
Cristina Festari
Flavio Nobili
for the EANM-EAN Task Force for the recommendation of FDG PET for Dementing Neurodegenerative Disorders
Publication date: 01-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue 9/2018
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-018-4031-2

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Clinical utility of FDG PET in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism associated with dementia

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 9/2018

Clinical utility of FDG-PET for the clinical diagnosis in MCI

Diagnostic utility of FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis between different forms of primary progressive aphasia

The role of 18F-FP-CIT PET in differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia in the early stage

Quantitative evaluation of tau PET tracers 18F-THK5351 and 18F-AV-1451 in Alzheimer’s disease with standardized uptake value peak-alignment (SUVP) normalization

Dual tracer tau PET imaging reveals different molecular targets for 11C-THK5351 and 11C-PBB3 in the Alzheimer brain

18F-FDG PET and high-resolution MRI co-registration for pre-surgical evaluation of patients with conventional MRI-negative refractory extra-temporal lobe epilepsy