Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Hepatology Reports 1/2018

01-03-2018 | Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

Clinical Impact of Depression in Cirrhosis

Authors: Joao Miguel Serigado, Katherine C. Barboza, Paula Marcus, Samuel H. Sigal

Published in: Current Hepatology Reports | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Depression is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric illness. It is prevalent in most chronic medical conditions and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Depression is especially common in patients with cirrhosis.

Recent Findings

In this review, we discuss the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical impact, and treatment of depression in cirrhosis. We describe various screening tests important for diagnosis, the interaction of depression with hepatic encephalopathy, and its significant impact on medication adherence, mortality, and caregiver burden.

Summary

These findings highlight the importance of appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in patients with cirrhosis.
Literature
1.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders FED-, American Psychiatric Association, Arlington 2013. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders FED-, American Psychiatric Association, Arlington 2013.
2.
go back to reference Hatou K. Mental Health Atlas 2011 (WHO). Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2014;116:267.PubMed Hatou K. Mental Health Atlas 2011 (WHO). Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2014;116:267.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Harter M, Baumeister H, Reuter K, et al. Increased 12-month prevalence rates of mental disorders in patients with chronic somatic diseases. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76:354–60.PubMedCrossRef Harter M, Baumeister H, Reuter K, et al. Increased 12-month prevalence rates of mental disorders in patients with chronic somatic diseases. Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76:354–60.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Baumeister H, Hutter N, Bengel J, et al. Quality of life in medically ill persons with comorbid mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2011;80:275–86.PubMedCrossRef Baumeister H, Hutter N, Bengel J, et al. Quality of life in medically ill persons with comorbid mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2011;80:275–86.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Rihmer Z, Gonda X. Prevention Of depression-related suicides in primary care. Psychiatr Hung. 2012;27:72–81.PubMed Rihmer Z, Gonda X. Prevention Of depression-related suicides in primary care. Psychiatr Hung. 2012;27:72–81.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, et al. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the world health surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851–8.PubMedCrossRef Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, et al. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the world health surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851–8.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients (ENRICHD) randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:3106–16.PubMedCrossRef Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients (ENRICHD) randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:3106–16.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Evidence PWF. Report on the occurrence, assessment, and treatment of depression in cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2004:32–9. Evidence PWF. Report on the occurrence, assessment, and treatment of depression in cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2004:32–9.
14.
go back to reference Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Nicolino F, et al. Psychological status and depression in patients with liver cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;37:593–600.PubMedCrossRef Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Nicolino F, et al. Psychological status and depression in patients with liver cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;37:593–600.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Weinstein AA, Kallman Price J, Stepanova M, et al. Depression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Psychosomatics. 2011;52:127–32.PubMedCrossRef Weinstein AA, Kallman Price J, Stepanova M, et al. Depression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Psychosomatics. 2011;52:127–32.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference •• Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, et al. Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients. Metab Brain Dis. 2013;28:239–43. This study compared the impact of factors such as depression, mood, hepatic encephalopathy, severity of cirrhosis or presence of hepatocellular caricoma in the quality of life. Correlation was observed between results in psychological test scores and quality of life scores, but not correlated with disease severity.PubMedCrossRef •• Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, et al. Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients. Metab Brain Dis. 2013;28:239–43. This study compared the impact of factors such as depression, mood, hepatic encephalopathy, severity of cirrhosis or presence of hepatocellular caricoma in the quality of life. Correlation was observed between results in psychological test scores and quality of life scores, but not correlated with disease severity.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Leutscher PD, Lagging M, Buhl MR, et al. Evaluation of depression as a risk factor for treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2010;52:430–5.PubMedCrossRef Leutscher PD, Lagging M, Buhl MR, et al. Evaluation of depression as a risk factor for treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2010;52:430–5.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Tillmann HL, Wiese M, Braun Y, et al. Quality of life in patients with various liver diseases: patients with HCV show greater mental impairment, while patients with PBC have greater physical impairment. J Viral Hepat. 2011;18:252–61.PubMedCrossRef Tillmann HL, Wiese M, Braun Y, et al. Quality of life in patients with various liver diseases: patients with HCV show greater mental impairment, while patients with PBC have greater physical impairment. J Viral Hepat. 2011;18:252–61.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Stewart CA, Enders FT, Mitchell MM, et al. The cognitive profile of depressed patients with cirrhosis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13 Stewart CA, Enders FT, Mitchell MM, et al. The cognitive profile of depressed patients with cirrhosis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13
31.
go back to reference Vaughn-Sandler V, Sherman C, Aronsohn A, et al. Consequences of perceived stigma among patients with cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59:681–6.PubMedCrossRef Vaughn-Sandler V, Sherman C, Aronsohn A, et al. Consequences of perceived stigma among patients with cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59:681–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Loftis JM, Huckans M, Ruimy S, et al. Depressive symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C are correlated with elevated plasma levels of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Neurosci Lett. 2008;430:264–8.PubMedCrossRef Loftis JM, Huckans M, Ruimy S, et al. Depressive symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C are correlated with elevated plasma levels of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Neurosci Lett. 2008;430:264–8.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Rogal SS, Bielefeldt K, Wasan AD, et al. Inflammation, psychiatric symptoms, and opioid use are associated with pain and disability in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:1009–16.PubMedCrossRef Rogal SS, Bielefeldt K, Wasan AD, et al. Inflammation, psychiatric symptoms, and opioid use are associated with pain and disability in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:1009–16.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Lopez-Navas A, Rios A, Moya-Faz FJ, et al. Emotional-type psychopathologic symptoms among patients with terminal chronic alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis. Transplant Proc. 2012;44:1510–2.PubMedCrossRef Lopez-Navas A, Rios A, Moya-Faz FJ, et al. Emotional-type psychopathologic symptoms among patients with terminal chronic alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis. Transplant Proc. 2012;44:1510–2.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Huang FY, Chung H, Kroenke K, et al. Using the patient health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:547–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Huang FY, Chung H, Kroenke K, et al. Using the patient health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:547–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Malpass A, Shaw A, Kessler D, et al. Concordance between PHQ-9 scores and patients' experiences of depression: a mixed methods study. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:e231–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Malpass A, Shaw A, Kessler D, et al. Concordance between PHQ-9 scores and patients' experiences of depression: a mixed methods study. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:e231–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Li C, Friedman B, Conwell Y, et al. Validity of the patient health questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) in identifying major depression in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:596–602.PubMedCrossRef Li C, Friedman B, Conwell Y, et al. Validity of the patient health questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) in identifying major depression in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:596–602.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F, Crengle S, et al. Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8:348–53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F, Crengle S, et al. Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8:348–53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Beck AT, Guth D, Steer RA, et al. Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck depression inventory for primary care. Behav Res Ther. 1997;35:785–91.PubMedCrossRef Beck AT, Guth D, Steer RA, et al. Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck depression inventory for primary care. Behav Res Ther. 1997;35:785–91.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Maldonado JR, Sher Y, Lolak S, et al. The Stanford integrated psychosocial assessment for transplantation: a prospective study of medical and psychosocial outcomes. Psychosom Med. 2015;77:1018–30.PubMedCrossRef Maldonado JR, Sher Y, Lolak S, et al. The Stanford integrated psychosocial assessment for transplantation: a prospective study of medical and psychosocial outcomes. Psychosom Med. 2015;77:1018–30.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Huet PM, Deslauriers J, Tran A, et al. Impact of fatigue on the quality of life of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:760–7.PubMedCrossRef Huet PM, Deslauriers J, Tran A, et al. Impact of fatigue on the quality of life of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:760–7.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference •• Barboza KC, Salinas LM, Sahebjam F, et al. Impact of depressive symptoms and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life in cirrhotic hepatitis C patients. Metab Brain Dis. 2016;31:869–80. This study investigates the impact of hepatic encephalopathy and depression in the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis, and calculate that the impact of these two conditions accounts for 68% of the variability observed in differences in quality of life PubMedCrossRef •• Barboza KC, Salinas LM, Sahebjam F, et al. Impact of depressive symptoms and hepatic encephalopathy on health-related quality of life in cirrhotic hepatitis C patients. Metab Brain Dis. 2016;31:869–80. This study investigates the impact of hepatic encephalopathy and depression in the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis, and calculate that the impact of these two conditions accounts for 68% of the variability observed in differences in quality of life PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Kalaitzakis E, Josefsson A, Castedal M, et al. Factors related to fatigue in patients with cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:174–81. 181 e1PubMedCrossRef Kalaitzakis E, Josefsson A, Castedal M, et al. Factors related to fatigue in patients with cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:174–81. 181 e1PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Girgrah N, Reid G, MacKenzie S, et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: does it contribute to chronic fatigue and decreased health-related quality of life in cirrhosis? Can J Gastroenterol. 2003;17:545–51.PubMedCrossRef Girgrah N, Reid G, MacKenzie S, et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: does it contribute to chronic fatigue and decreased health-related quality of life in cirrhosis? Can J Gastroenterol. 2003;17:545–51.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–83.PubMedCrossRef Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–83.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Younossi ZM, Boparai N, Price LL, et al. Health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease: the impact of type and severity of disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2199–205.PubMedCrossRef Younossi ZM, Boparai N, Price LL, et al. Health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease: the impact of type and severity of disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2199–205.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Amodio P, et al. Factors associated with poor health-related quality of life of patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:170–8.PubMedCrossRef Marchesini G, Bianchi G, Amodio P, et al. Factors associated with poor health-related quality of life of patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:170–8.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Cordoba J, Cabrera J, Lataif L, et al. High prevalence of sleep disturbance in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27:339–45.PubMedCrossRef Cordoba J, Cabrera J, Lataif L, et al. High prevalence of sleep disturbance in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27:339–45.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Montagnese S, Middleton B, Skene DJ, et al. Night-time sleep disturbance does not correlate with neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2009;29:1372–82.PubMedCrossRef Montagnese S, Middleton B, Skene DJ, et al. Night-time sleep disturbance does not correlate with neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2009;29:1372–82.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Mostacci B, Ferlisi M, Baldi Antognini A, et al. Sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness in patients with cirrhosis: a case control study. Neurol Sci. 2008;29:237–40.PubMedCrossRef Mostacci B, Ferlisi M, Baldi Antognini A, et al. Sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness in patients with cirrhosis: a case control study. Neurol Sci. 2008;29:237–40.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Morales BP, Planas R, Bartoli R, et al. Early hospital readmission in decompensated cirrhosis: incidence, impact on mortality, and predictive factors. Dig Liver Dis. 2017;49:903–9.PubMedCrossRef Morales BP, Planas R, Bartoli R, et al. Early hospital readmission in decompensated cirrhosis: incidence, impact on mortality, and predictive factors. Dig Liver Dis. 2017;49:903–9.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Scaglione SJ, Metcalfe L, Kliethermes S, et al. Early hospital readmissions and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis enrolled in a large National Health Insurance Administrative Database. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51:839–44.PubMed Scaglione SJ, Metcalfe L, Kliethermes S, et al. Early hospital readmissions and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis enrolled in a large National Health Insurance Administrative Database. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51:839–44.PubMed
71.
go back to reference Currie CJ, Peyrot M, Morgan CL, et al. The impact of treatment noncompliance on mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1279–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Currie CJ, Peyrot M, Morgan CL, et al. The impact of treatment noncompliance on mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1279–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
go back to reference • Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, et al. The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2016;64:200–8. This study evaluates the determinats of 3-month readmission in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with worse MELD score, on prophylactic antibiotics, and those with prior hepatic encephalopathy were identified as a high-risk group for readmission PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef • Bajaj JS, Reddy KR, Tandon P, et al. The 3-month readmission rate remains unacceptably high in a large North American cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2016;64:200–8. This study evaluates the determinats of 3-month readmission in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with worse MELD score, on prophylactic antibiotics, and those with prior hepatic encephalopathy were identified as a high-risk group for readmission PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Polis S, Zang L, Mainali B, et al. Factors associated with medication adherence in patients living with cirrhosis. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25:204–12.PubMedCrossRef Polis S, Zang L, Mainali B, et al. Factors associated with medication adherence in patients living with cirrhosis. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25:204–12.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Evaluation SS. Of the impact of rehospitalization in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Gen Med. 2015;8:165–73. Evaluation SS. Of the impact of rehospitalization in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Gen Med. 2015;8:165–73.
78.
go back to reference Morales BP, Planas R, Bartoli R, et al. Hepacontrol. A program that reduces early readmissions, mortality at 60 days, and healthcare costs in decompensated cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2017; Morales BP, Planas R, Bartoli R, et al. Hepacontrol. A program that reduces early readmissions, mortality at 60 days, and healthcare costs in decompensated cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis. 2017;
79.
go back to reference Tapper EB, Finkelstein D, Mittleman MA, et al. A quality improvement initiative reduces 30-day rate of readmission for patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:753–9.PubMedCrossRef Tapper EB, Finkelstein D, Mittleman MA, et al. A quality improvement initiative reduces 30-day rate of readmission for patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:753–9.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Burge S, White D, Bajorek E, et al. Correlates of medication knowledge and adherence: findings from the residency research network of South Texas. Fam Med. 2005;37:712–8.PubMed Burge S, White D, Bajorek E, et al. Correlates of medication knowledge and adherence: findings from the residency research network of South Texas. Fam Med. 2005;37:712–8.PubMed
82.
85.
go back to reference Rogal SS, Udawatta V, Akpan I, et al. Risk factors for hospitalizations among patients with cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0187176.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rogal SS, Udawatta V, Akpan I, et al. Risk factors for hospitalizations among patients with cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0187176.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Nguyen DL, Chao D, Ma G, et al. Quality of life and factors predictive of burden among primary caregivers of chronic liver disease patients. Ann Gastroenterol. 2015;28:124–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Nguyen DL, Chao D, Ma G, et al. Quality of life and factors predictive of burden among primary caregivers of chronic liver disease patients. Ann Gastroenterol. 2015;28:124–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
89.
go back to reference Bajaj JS, Riggio O, Allampati S, et al. Cognitive dysfunction is associated with poor socioeconomic status in patients with cirrhosis: an international multicenter study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1511–6.PubMedCrossRef Bajaj JS, Riggio O, Allampati S, et al. Cognitive dysfunction is associated with poor socioeconomic status in patients with cirrhosis: an international multicenter study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1511–6.PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, et al. Depression in patients with cirrhosis. Impact on outcome. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:1421–7.PubMedCrossRef Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, et al. Depression in patients with cirrhosis. Impact on outcome. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:1421–7.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Corruble E, Barry C, Varescon I, et al. Depressive symptoms predict long-term mortality after liver transplantation. J Psychosom Res. 2011;71:32–7.PubMedCrossRef Corruble E, Barry C, Varescon I, et al. Depressive symptoms predict long-term mortality after liver transplantation. J Psychosom Res. 2011;71:32–7.PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Mayo MJ, Handem I, Saldana S, et al. Sertraline as a first-line treatment for cholestatic pruritus. Hepatology. 2007;45:666–74.PubMedCrossRef Mayo MJ, Handem I, Saldana S, et al. Sertraline as a first-line treatment for cholestatic pruritus. Hepatology. 2007;45:666–74.PubMedCrossRef
107.
109.
go back to reference Andrade C, Sandarsh S, Chethan KB, et al. Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and abnormal bleeding: a review for clinicians and a reconsideration of mechanisms. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:1565–75.PubMedCrossRef Andrade C, Sandarsh S, Chethan KB, et al. Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and abnormal bleeding: a review for clinicians and a reconsideration of mechanisms. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:1565–75.PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Weinrieb RM, Auriacombe M, Lynch KG, et al. A critical review of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-associated bleeding: balancing the risk of treating hepatitis C-infected patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1502–10.PubMedCrossRef Weinrieb RM, Auriacombe M, Lynch KG, et al. A critical review of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-associated bleeding: balancing the risk of treating hepatitis C-infected patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1502–10.PubMedCrossRef
112.
go back to reference MacGillivray S, Arroll B, Hatcher S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depression treated in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326:1014.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef MacGillivray S, Arroll B, Hatcher S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depression treated in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326:1014.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
114.
go back to reference DeVane CL, Laizure SC, Stewart JT, et al. Disposition of bupropion in healthy volunteers and. Subjects with Alcoholic Liver Disease J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;10:328-32.PubMed DeVane CL, Laizure SC, Stewart JT, et al. Disposition of bupropion in healthy volunteers and. Subjects with Alcoholic Liver Disease J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;10:328-32.PubMed
115.
go back to reference Ascher JA, Cole JO, Colin JN, et al. bupropion: a review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(9):395–401.PubMed Ascher JA, Cole JO, Colin JN, et al. bupropion: a review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56(9):395–401.PubMed
116.
go back to reference Livingston MG, Livingston HM. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. An update on drug interactions. Drug Saf. 1996;14(4):219–27.PubMedCrossRef Livingston MG, Livingston HM. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. An update on drug interactions. Drug Saf. 1996;14(4):219–27.PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Alam A, Voronovich Z, Carley JA. A review of therapeutic uses of mirtazapine in psychiatric and medical conditions. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013;15 Alam A, Voronovich Z, Carley JA. A review of therapeutic uses of mirtazapine in psychiatric and medical conditions. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013;15
121.
go back to reference Montagnese S, De Pitta C, De Rui M, et al. Sleep-wake abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2014;59:705–12.PubMedCrossRef Montagnese S, De Pitta C, De Rui M, et al. Sleep-wake abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2014;59:705–12.PubMedCrossRef
122.
go back to reference Llorca PM, Spadone C, Sol O, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:1020–7.PubMedCrossRef Llorca PM, Spadone C, Sol O, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:1020–7.PubMedCrossRef
123.
go back to reference Wong J, Motulsky A, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care: descriptive study of prescriptions from an indication based electronic prescribing system. BMJ. 2017;356:j603.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wong J, Motulsky A, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care: descriptive study of prescriptions from an indication based electronic prescribing system. BMJ. 2017;356:j603.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
125.
go back to reference Stokes CS, Grunhage F, Baus C, et al. Vitamin D supplementation reduces depressive symptoms in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2016;35:950–7.PubMedCrossRef Stokes CS, Grunhage F, Baus C, et al. Vitamin D supplementation reduces depressive symptoms in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2016;35:950–7.PubMedCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Bowen S, Witkiewitz K, Dillworth TM, et al. Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychol Addict Behav. 2006;20:343–7.PubMedCrossRef Bowen S, Witkiewitz K, Dillworth TM, et al. Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychol Addict Behav. 2006;20:343–7.PubMedCrossRef
130.
go back to reference • Bajaj JS, Ellwood M, Ainger T, et al. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy Improves Patient and Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in Cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2017;8:e108. In this article Bajaj et al investigate a novel treatment approach to depression in patients with cirrhosis. The study showed promising results with improvement in depression and quality of life scores in both patients and caregivers PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef • Bajaj JS, Ellwood M, Ainger T, et al. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy Improves Patient and Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in Cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2017;8:e108. In this article Bajaj et al investigate a novel treatment approach to depression in patients with cirrhosis. The study showed promising results with improvement in depression and quality of life scores in both patients and caregivers PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Ramirez P, Febrero B, Martinez-Alarcon L, et al. Benefits of group psychotherapy in cirrhotic patients on the liver transplant waiting list. Transplant Proc. 2015;47:2382–4.PubMedCrossRef Ramirez P, Febrero B, Martinez-Alarcon L, et al. Benefits of group psychotherapy in cirrhotic patients on the liver transplant waiting list. Transplant Proc. 2015;47:2382–4.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Clinical Impact of Depression in Cirrhosis
Authors
Joao Miguel Serigado
Katherine C. Barboza
Paula Marcus
Samuel H. Sigal
Publication date
01-03-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Hepatology Reports / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 2195-9595
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-018-0386-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

Current Hepatology Reports 1/2018 Go to the issue

Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

Assessment and Management of Sleep Disturbance in Cirrhosis

Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

The Assessment and Management of Pain in Cirrhosis

Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

Early Integration of Advance Care Planning (ACP) into Cirrhosis Care: Why We Need It

Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

Tackling 30-Day Readmissions in Patients with Cirrhosis

Hepatitis C (A Aronsohn and H Vargas, Section Editors)

End-Stage Renal Disease and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Management of Cirrhotic Patient (A Cardenas and P Tandon, Section Editors)

Ethical Issues in Patients with Cirrhosis

Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.