Published in:
01-08-2016 | Original Article
Circulating immune cell phenotype can predict the outcome of lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone treatment in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors:
Sung-Eun Lee, Ji-Young Lim, Da-Bin Ryu, Tae Woo Kim, Jae-Ho Yoon, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Seong Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, Hee-Je Kim, Seok Lee, Seok-Goo Cho, Dong-Wook Kim, Jong-Wook Lee, Woo-Sung Min, Myungshin Kim, Chang-Ki Min
Published in:
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
|
Issue 8/2016
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Abstract
Although the antimyeloma effect of lenalidomide is associated with activation of the immune system, the exact in vivo immunomodulatory mechanisms of lenalidomide combined with low-dose dexamethasone (Len-dex) in refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the association between immune cell populations and clinical outcomes in patients receiving Len-dex for the treatment of RRMM. Peripheral blood samples from 90 RRMM patients were taken on day 1 of cycles 1 (baseline), 2, 3, and 4 of Len-dex therapy. Peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell frequencies were significantly decreased by 3 cycles of therapy, whereas NK cell frequency was significantly increased after the 3rd cycle. For the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subset, the frequency of granulocytic MDSCs transiently increased after the 1st cycle, whereas there was an increase in monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) frequency after the 1st and 3rd cycles. Among 81 evaluable patients, failure to achieve a response of VGPR or greater was associated with a decrease in CD8+ cell frequency and increase in M-MDSC frequency after 3 cycles of Len-dex treatment. A high proportion of natural killer T (NKT)-like cells (CD3+/CD56+) prior to Len-dex treatment might predict a longer time to progression. In addition, patients with a smaller decrease in the frequency of both CD3+ cells and CD8+ cells by 3 cycles exhibited a longer time to the next treatment. These results demonstrated that early changes in immune cell subsets are useful immunologic indicators of the efficacy of Len-dex treatment in RRMM.