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Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
Published in: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 1/2024

27-02-2024 | Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Narrative review

A comprehensive guide to assess gut mycobiome and its role in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Authors: Amit Yadav, Renu Yadav, Vishal Sharma, Usha Dutta

Published in: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which has underlying multifactorial pathogenic determinants such as environmental factors, susceptibility genes, gut microbial dysbiosis and a dysregulated immune response. Human gut is a frequent inhabitant of complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining balanced homeostasis. All of these microbes interact with immune system and affect human gut physiology either directly or indirectly with interaction of each other. Intestinal fungi represent a smaller but crucial component of the human gut microbiome. Besides interaction with bacteriome and virome, it helps in balancing homoeostasis between pathophysiological and physiological processes, which is often dysregulated in patients with IBD. Understanding of gut mycobiome and its clinical implications are still in in its infancy as opposed to bacterial component of gut microbiome, which is more often focused. Modulation of gut mycobiome represents a novel and promising strategy in the management of patients with IBD. Emerging mycobiome-based therapies such as diet interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics (both fungal and bacterial strains) and antifungals exhibit substantial effects in calibrating the gut mycobiome and restoring dysbalanced immune homeostasis by restoring the core gut mycobiome. In this review, we summarized compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy individuals and patients with IBD, gut mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, host immune-fungal interactions and therapeutic role of modulation of intestinal fungi in patients with IBD.
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Metadata
Title
A comprehensive guide to assess gut mycobiome and its role in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors
Amit Yadav
Renu Yadav
Vishal Sharma
Usha Dutta
Publication date
27-02-2024
Publisher
Springer India
Published in
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0254-8860
Electronic ISSN: 0975-0711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-023-01510-0

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