Top

Published in:

01-09-2003 | Research Article

Chromatic priming in hemianopic visual fields

Authors: Alan Cowey, Petra Stoerig, Iona Hodinott-Hill

Published in: Experimental Brain Research | Issue 1/2003

Abstract

In three monkeys made hemianopic by unilateral striate cortical ablation, in one normal monkey and in a human hemianope (GY), we measured reaction times to chromatic targets presented in the normal hemifield as a function of prior chromatic primes in the blind field. The first of our three tasks showed an unspecific priming effect in that the colour of the here unpredictive prime was irrelevant. However, when contingencies were changed in the second task so that the prime was usually valid, its colour did significantly influence reaction times in two of the hemianopic monkeys as well as in the human subject. Even when the primes lost their predictive value again in the third task, this chromatically specific effect persisted. We conclude that chromatic processing in the cortically blind field can be revealed with indirect approaches that measure residual processing by its influence on the reaction to stimuli in the normal field, and that the validity of the prime (whether it predicts the colour of the target) is especially important.

Azzopardi P, Cowey A (2001) Motion discrimination in cortically blind patients. Brain 124:30–46

Barbur JL, Ruddock KH, Waterfield VA (1980) Human visual responses in the absence of the geniculo-calcarine projection. Brain 103:905–928

Barbur JL, Watson JD, Frackowiak RSJ, Zeki S (1993) Conscious visual perception without V1. Brain 116:1293–1302

Barbur JL, Sahraie A, Simmons A., Weiskrantz L, Williams SCR (1998) Residual processing of chromatic signals in the absence of a geniculostriate projection. Vision Res 38:3447–3453

Baseler HA, Morland AB, Wandell BA (1999) Topographic organization of human visual areas in the absence of input from the primary cortex. J Neurosci 19:2619–2627

Baylis GC, Driver J (1992) Visual parsing and response competition: the effect of grouping factors. Percep Psychophysics 51:145–162

Brent PJ, Kennard C, Ruddock KH (1994) Residual colour vision in a human hemianope: spectral responses and colour discrimination. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 256:219–225

Corbetta M, Marzi CA, Tassinari G, Aglioti S (1990) Effectiveness of different task paradigms in revealing blindsight. Brain 113:603–616

Cowey A, Stoerig P (1991) The neurobiology of blindsight. Trends Neurosci 14:140–145

Cowey A, Stoerig P (1995) Blindsight in monkeys. Nature 373:247–249

Cowey A, Stoerig P (1997) Visual detection in monkeys with blindsight. Neuropsychologia 35:929–939

Cowey A, Stoerig P (1999) Spectral sensitivity in hemianopic macaque monkeys. Eur J Neurosci, 11:2114–2120

Cowey A, Stoerig P (2001) Detection and discrimination of chromatic targets in hemianopic macaque monkeys and humans. Eur J Neurosci 14:1320–1330

Cowey A, Stoerig P. (2003) Stimulus cueing in blindsight. Progess in Brain Research (in press).

Cowey A, Johnson H. Stoerig P (2001) The retinal projection to the pregeniculate nucleus in normal and destriate monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 13:279–290

Cowey A, Stoerig P. Bannister M (1994) Retinal ganglion cells labelled from the pulvinar nucleus in macaque monkeys. Neuroscience 61:691–705

Cowey A, Stoerig P, Le Mare C (1998) Effects of unseen stimuli on reaction times to seen stimuli in monkeys with blindsight. Conscious Cogn 7:312–323

Cowey A, Stoerig P, Perry VH (1989) Transneuronal retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells after damage to striate cortex in macaque monkeys: selective loss of PB cells. Neuroscience 29:65–80

Cowey A, Stoerig P, Williams C (1999) Variance in transneuronal retrograde ganglion cell degeneration in monkeys after removal of striate cortex: effects of size of the cortical lesion. Vision Res 39: 3642–3652

Danckert J, Maruff P, Kinsella G, de Graf S, Currie J (1998) Investigating form and colour perception in blindsight using an interference task. NeuroReport 9:2919–2925

Di Pace E, Marangolo P, Pizzamiglio L (1997) Response bias in color priming. Acta Psychologica 95:3–14

Eriksen BA, Erikisen CW (1974) Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Percep Psychophysics, 16:143–149

Goebel R, Muckli L, Zanella FE, Singer W, Stoerig P (2001) Sustained extrastriate cortical activation without visual awareness revealed by fMRI studies of hemianopic patients. Vision Res 41:1459–1474

Guo K, Benson PJ, Blakemore C (1998) Residual motion discrimination using colour information without visual cortex. NeuroReport 9:2103–2107

Hendry SHC, Reid RC (2000) The koniocellular pathway in primate vision. Ann Rev Neurosci 23:127–153

Humphrey NK (1974) Vision in a monkey without striate cortex: a case study. Perception 3:241–255

Keating EG (1979) Rudimentary color vision in the monkey after removal of striate and preoccipital cortex. Brain Res 179:379–384

Marcel AJ (1998) Blindsight and Shape perception: Deficit of visual consciousness or of visual function? Brain 121:1565–1588

Marangolo P, Di Pace E, Pizzamiglio L (1993) Priming effect in a color discrimination task. Percept Motor Skills 77:259–269

Marzi CA, Tassinari G, Aglioti S, Lutzemberger L (1986) Spatial summation across the vertical midline in hemianopics: a test of blindsight. Neuropsychologia 24:749–758

Moore T, Rodman HR, Repp AB, Gross CG (1995) Localization of visual stimuli after striate cortex damage in monkeys: Parallels with human blindsight. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 92:8215–8218

Morland AB, Jones SR, Finlay AL, Deyzac D, Le S, Kemp S (1999) Visual perception of motion, luminance and colour in a human hemianope. Brain 122:1183–1198

Pasik P, Pasik T (1982) Visual function in monkeys after total removal of visual cerebral cortex. Contrib Sens Physiol 7:147–200

Perenin M-T, Jeannerod M (1975) Residual vision in cortically blind hemifields. Neuropsychologia 13:1–7

Pöppel E (1986) Long-range colour-generating interactions across the retina. Nature 320:523–525

Pöppel E, Held R, Frost D (1973) Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. Nature 243:295–296

Posner M, Snyder CRR (1975) Facilitation and inhibition in the processing of signals. In: Rabbit PMA, Dornic S (eds) Attention and Performance V. Academic Press, New York, pp669–681

Rafal RD, Smith W, Krantz J, Cohen A, Brennan C (1990). Extra-geniculate vision in hemianopic humans: Saccade inhibition by signals in the blind field. Science 250:118–121

Schiffrin RM, Schneider W (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing. II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Psych Rev 84:127–190

Schilder P, Pasik P, Pasik T (1972) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey: III Circle vs triangle and red vs green discrimination. Exp Brain Res 14: 436-448

Schmidt T (2000) Visual perception without awareness: Priming responses by color. In: Metzinger T (ed) Neural correlates of consciousness. MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, pp 157–169

Schneider W, Schiffrin RM (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing. I. Detection, search and attention. Psych Rev 84:1–66

Simon JR (1988) A 'priming' effect in a choice reaction time task. Acta Psychologica 69:45–60

Stoerig P (1987) Chromaticity and achromaticity: evidence for a functional differentiation in visual field defects. Brain 110:869–886

Stoerig P, Barth E (2001) Low-level phenomenal vision despite unilateral destruction of primary visual cortex. Conscious Cogn, 10:574–587

Stoerig P, Cowey, A (1991) Increment threshold spectral sensitivity in blindsight: Evidence for colour opponency. Brain 114:1487–1512

Stoerig P, Cowey A (1992) Wavelength discrimination in blindsight. Brain 115:425–444

Stoerig P, Cowey A (1997) Blindsight in man and monkey. Brain 120:535–559

Stoerig P, Hubner M, Pőppel E (1985) Signal detection analysis of residual vision in a field defect due to a post-geniculate lesion. Neuropsychologia 23:589–599

Stoerig P, Zontanou A, Cowey A (2002) Aware or unaware? Assessment of cortical blindness in four men and a monkey. Cereb Cortex 12:565–574

Tomaiuolo F, Ptito M, Marzi CA, Paus T, Ptito A (1997) Blindsight in hemsipherectomized patients as revealed by spatial summation across the vertical meridian. Brain 120:795–803

Torjussen T (1976) Visual processing in cortically blind hemifields. Neuropsychologia 16:15–21

Warrington EK (1962) The completion of visual forms across hemianopic field defects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 25:208–217

Weiskrantz L, Warrington EK, Sanders MD, Marshall J (1974) Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain 97:709–728

Weiskrantz L, Barbur JL, Sahraie A. (1995) Parameters affecting conscious versus unconscious visual discrimination with damage to the visual cortex (V1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6122–6126

Weiskrantz L, Cowey A, Barbur JL (1999) Differential pupillary constriction and awareness in the absence of striate cortex. Brain 122:1533–1538

Title: Chromatic priming in hemianopic visual fields
Authors: Alan Cowey
Petra Stoerig
Iona Hodinott-Hill
Publication date: 01-09-2003
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Experimental Brain Research / Issue 1/2003
Print ISSN: 0014-4819
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1521-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Chromatic priming in hemianopic visual fields

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2003

Brain areas activated in fMRI during self-regulation of slow cortical potentials (SCPs)

Geometric computations underlying eye-hand coordination: orientations of the two eyes and the head

Hysteresis in corticospinal excitability during gradual muscle contraction and relaxation in humans

Multitasking costs in close-head injury patients

Stimulus and response ERP analyses of a two-level reaction time task

Target similarity affects saccade curvature away from irrelevant onsets