T-Tube Drainage During Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: a Safe and Valid Option in Selected Cases

Laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with coexisting gallbladder and bile duct stones. Failure of this usually indicates laparoscopic choledocotomy, after which most patients are managed with primary duct closure and less frequently with T-tube placement or bilioenteric anastomosis. The objective of this paper is to describe the indications and complications of T-tube placement after laparoscopic choledocotomy in a consecutive series of single-stage management of 554 patients. Case series analysis of a prospectively collected historical database of all patients treated with T-tube drainage at Cosme Argerich Hospital from July 2008 and December 2020. Surgical indications and postoperative management will be discussed. Five hundred fifty-four patients underwent simultaneous scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration during the analyzed period. One hundred thirteen (20.39%) required laparoscopic choledochotomy, after which 54 (48%) were treated with T-tube drainage, 23 for suspicion of incomplete bile duct clearance, 16 for impaired papillary drainage, 13 for inappropriate bile duct wall conditions, and 2 for lateral bile duct injuries. No significant morbidity was related to T-tube drainage. In our setting, and following a strict protocol, T-tube drainage after laparoscopic choledochotomy is a valid alternative to primary duct closure in selected patients.