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BMC Emergency Medicine
Published in: BMC Emergency Medicine 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | Research

Barriers and facilitators to cardiopulmonary resuscitation within pre-hospital emergency medical services: a qualitative study

Authors: Nahid Dehghan-Nayeri, Hassan Nouri-Sari, Fatemeh Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Mojtaba Senmar

Published in: BMC Emergency Medicine | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is a common and fatal problem. Rescuing patients with this problem by pre-hospital emergency medical services is associated with various barriers and facilitators. Identifying these barriers as well as the facilitators in a qualitative and an information-rich way will help to improve the quality of performing the maneuver and to increase the patients’ survival. Therefore, the current study was qualitatively conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the pre-hospital emergency medical services.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted using a content analysis approach in Iran in 2021. The participants were 16 Iranian emergency medical technicians who were selected through a purposive sampling method. For data collection, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted. For data analysis, the Elo and Kyngäs method was applied.

Results

The mean participants’ age was 33.06 ± 7.85 years, and their mean work experience was 10.62 ± 6.63 years. The collected information was categorized into one main category called “complex context of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation” and 5 general categories with 17 subcategories. These categories and subcategories include patient condition (patient’s underlying diseases, age, high weight, number of children, and place of living), dominant atmosphere in companions at home (companions’ feeling of agitation, companions doing harm, and companions helping), policy (educational policy, human resource policy, up-to-date equipment and technology, and do-not-resuscitate policy), performance of the out-of-organizational system (disorganization in the patient handover process, and cooperation of the support organizations), and conditions related to the treatment team (conscience, cultural dominance, and shift burden).

Conclusions

The results showed that the conditions related to the patient and his/her companions, as well as the organizational factors such as the policies and the out-of-organizational factors act as the barriers and the facilitators to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation within pre-hospital emergency medical services. Therefore, the barriers can be modified and the facilitators can be enhanced by taking various measures such as educating, human resource policy-making, upgrading the equipment, and considering appropriate management policies.
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Metadata
Title
Barriers and facilitators to cardiopulmonary resuscitation within pre-hospital emergency medical services: a qualitative study
Authors
Nahid Dehghan-Nayeri
Hassan Nouri-Sari
Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
Fatemeh Hajibabaee
Mojtaba Senmar
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Emergency Medicine / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-227X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-021-00514-3

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